【英语】2018届二轮复习非谓语动词考点搜索学案（6页word版） 6页

‎2018届二轮复习 非谓语动词考点搜索 ‎【知识链接】‎ 形式 对比项目 动词不定式 ‎(to do)‎ 动名词(doing)‎ 现在分词(doing)‎ 过去分词(done)‎ 充当句子成分 主宾表定状补 主宾表定状补 表定状补 形式 主动一般式 to do doing done 被动式 to be done being done 无 主动完成式 to have done having done 无 被动完成式 to have been done having been done 无 否定 在上述各种非谓语动词形式之前直接加not ‎【学习步骤】‎ 考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别 ‎ 正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。‎ ‎ 【即境活用】The children (play) _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week. ‎ 考点二、不定式和动名词作主语,宾语和表语的比较 ‎1、表示具体的或某一次动作或将来的动作用动词不定式；表示一般的或泛指的或习惯性的动作用动名词。2、动名词的复合结构：在其前加上物主代词或名词的所有格。3、不定式及动名词短语作主语时可转换成it作形式主语.  常用句型It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.‎ ‎ 4、疑问词+动词不定式作宾语。 5、表心理状态的ving分词作表语时，表示 “令人……的”； 如：exciting; 过去分词作表语时表示主观“感到……”如：excited等6、get, become, look, seem, appear, remain等系动词后都可跟done，表示被动或主语的状态。如remain seated等。‎ ‎ 【即境活用】‎ ‎ (1)____________________ (杰克的突然失踪)(disappear) made them worried. ‎ ‎(2) It’s important ________________. （对于我们来说学英语很重要）‎ ‎(3) It’s kind _____________________.（帮助我你真是太好了）‎ ‎（4）_____ (expose)to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.‎ ‎ (5) I've worked with children before, so I know what______ (expect)in my new job. ‎ ‎ (6) Travelling is_____________________. （累但有趣）‎ ‎(7) Having a trip abroad is good for the old couple, but it remains__________(see) whether ‎ they will enjoy it. ‎ ‎3. 不定式和动名词作宾语的比较 ‎（1）作宾语的动名词和不定式，完成式表示该动作在谓语动词动作之前发生 ‎（2）介词以及少数动词只能用动名词作宾语，如：admit, dislike, appreciate, avoid, enjoy ‎（3）动词advise / allow / permit / forbid后跟doing sth.作宾语，又跟to do作宾语。‎ ‎（4）need, require, want, deserve ＋doing 动名词的主动形式表被动意义，相当于to be done ‎（5）有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语有差别，常用的有：‎ 一记二忘三遗憾，四试五图六停止。remember, forget +to(全过程) / +Ving(正在进行)‎ ‎（6）表示未实现的愿望的动词,　即表示本打算、想做，但事实上没做，如：would like / love ，‎ ‎ plan, intend,  hope, wish, expect等 ；用 had planned to do sth. / planned to have done 来表示。would like / love 只用would like to have done ‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ (1) I regretted________ (没有采取) her advice.‎ ‎(2) Don't you remember_______(see the man)before? ‎ You must remember______(leave) tomorrow. ‎ ‎(3) I would love____(go)to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish the report. ‎ ‎(4) I object to __________________ (make fun of ).‎ 考点三、不定式和分词作定语的比较 ‎1.不定式作定语表将来，现在分词表主动，进行，过去分词表被动完成.‎ ‎2.不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后,与被修饰的名词或代词之间是动宾关系.‎ ‎3.名词前有序数词或最高级用不定式作定语。‎ ‎4.不定式作定语修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会等词。（having been done不可作定语）‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ ‎（1）The problem ___（discuss）at tomorrow’s meeting is how to deal with the meeting.‎ ‎（2）He had no pen ________.(write)‎ ‎（3）He only had a small room_________.(live)‎ ‎（4）The plan _________(make)is of vital importance.‎ ‎(5) He is the first one _______( help) me with computer.‎ ‎(6) The building _____________(construct) now will be used as a library.‎ ‎(7) Those _______________(已经完成作业)（finish）can go home now 考点四、非谓语动词作主语补语和宾语补语的考查 ‎1. 在be said, be reported, be believed, be supposed等后常用动词不定式作主语补语。‎ ‎2. 常跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补语的动词有ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish等 ‎3. 感官动词带宾补：一感，二听，三让，四看＋宾语＋do sth.(主动，全过程或经常性动作)‎ doing(主动，正在进行)/ done(与宾语是被动关系)若在被动语态中，则to 要还原.‎ ‎4.其它动词接宾语+宾补规则：‎ ‎（1）keep/leave＋宾语＋doing(主动，且持续进行)/done(被动)‎ ‎（2）catch＋宾语＋doing表示“发现某人正在做某事”，宾语与doing为主动，且正在进行，‎ ‎（3） find＋宾语＋doing(主动，正在进行)/done(被动、状态或完成)‎ ‎（4）want/order/ask/wish/like ＋宾语＋(to be)done (宾语与done之间为被动关系)‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ ‎（1）The children were last seen _______(play) by the river.‎ ‎（2）They went home, leaving much work __________(unfinish)．‎ ‎（3）I found the little boy _________(lie) under the tree when I passed by. ‎ ‎（4）The teacher wanted the paper ________ (finish )in an hour. ‎ 考点五、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析 ‎ ‎1. 动词不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别 动词不定式表结果状语、往往表示出乎意料的，令人不快的结果，其前常有only, 也可用于一些固定句型，如：too…to…, enough to…等；现在分词表示结果状语，几乎和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，表示的是一种必然的结果。‎ ‎2. 只用动词不定式作状语的几种情况 在作表语的形容词后或作宾补的形容词:happy, sorry, glad, sad后作原因状语；在句首、句中作目的状语只能用动词不定式，也可和in order, so as 连用，但so as to do 一般不放到句首。‎ ‎3. 不用动词不定式作状语的几种情况 表示时间、伴随、让步、方式、原因状语时，只能用分词而不用动词不定式作状语。‎ ‎4. 连词+ 现在分词/过去分词作状语的考查 有时候为了使分词表达的含义更为准确，常在分词前加上一个相关的连词，如when, while, unless, if, though等等。‎ ‎5. 形容化的分词（短语）作状语 英语中有些形容词化的过去分词（短语），常省略be动词，在句中作状语。常见的有：‎ be lost in, be faced with, be located in, be dressed in, be tired of等等。‎ ‎6. being done一般不作状语；having done 先于谓语动词发生的动作(主动关系)‎ having been done先于谓语动词发生的动作(被动关系)‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ ‎（1）____ (get) tired of Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.‎ ‎(2) ______________(not receive )an answer, he decided to write another letter to them. ‎ ‎(3) When_______(offer) help, one often says “ Thank you. ” or “ It ’ s kind of you.‎ ‎(4)______(face)with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.‎ ‎(5) _______________(seat) in the room, he is absorbed in reading.‎ ‎(6) When _____(compare)different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences ‎ ‎(7) He worked deep into the night, ________( prepare )a speech for the president. ‎ ‎(8) I got up very early this morning_____________( prepare )breakfast for my family. ‎ 考点六：非谓语动词特殊形式的考查 ‎1、动名词的复合结构的考查 动名词复合结构由名词所有格、名词普通格、形容词性物主代词或人称代词宾格+动名词构成，在句中可以作主语、宾语。作主语时只能用名词所有格或形容性物主代词+动名词结构。‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ ‎ (1) It is difficult to imagine his ________the decision without any consideration.‎ ‎ (2) ______ (the president attend) the meeting gave them a great deal of encouragement. ‎ ‎（3）I really can't understand ______( you treat ) her like that. ‎ ‎2. 非谓语动词的独立主格结构的考查 非谓语动词作状语，一般情况下要和句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，但有时候非谓语动词也可以带有自己的逻辑主语，可以与句子主语不一致； with复合结构由“with＋宾语＋补语”组成，其中，宾语和宾补之间必须有逻辑一致关系。‎ ‎3. 非谓语动词作评注性状语的考查 ‎ 有些非谓语形式成为固定用语，用来表示说话人对说话内容所特的态度。 1）现在分词的独立结构　 judging from / by…, generally speaking, strictly speaking     2)不定式的独立结构 to tell you the truth, to make things worse, to begin / start with      3)动词原形：　Believe it or not (信不信由你)     4)作连词的分词considering （考虑到，就…而言），providing / provided …假如，　supposing 假如; 这些词用来表示条件的连词，后接that 从句。‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ ‎（1）With the children ________(follow) him, he had to go back to the park. ‎ ‎（2）With the work______ (finish), he could go home.‎ ‎（3）With so many books _________(read), I could not go out. ‎ ‎ (4) His wife came down the stairs, with a book ________(hand) ‎ ‎(5) The students stood in line with the national flag _________(raise).‎ ‎ ‎ 考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别 ‎ 正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。‎ ‎ 【即境活用】The children (play) _playing____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week. ‎ 考点二、不定式和动名词作主语,宾语和表语的比较 ‎ ‎ ‎ 【即境活用】‎ ‎ (1)___Jack’s sudden disappearing_________________ (杰克的突然失踪)(disappear) made them worried. ‎ ‎(2) It’s important ___to learn English._____________. （对于我们来说学英语很重要）‎ ‎(3) It’s kind __of you to help me___________________.（帮助我你真是太好了）‎ ‎（4）__Being exposed___ (expose)to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.‎ ‎ (5) I've worked with children before, so I know what_is expecting_____ (expect)in my new job. ‎ ‎ (6) Travelling is__tired but fun___________________. （累但有趣）‎ ‎(7) Having a trip abroad is good for the old couple, but it remains____to be seen______(see) whether ‎ they will enjoy it. ‎ ‎3. 不定式和动名词作宾语的比较 ‎ ‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ (1) I regretted__not having followed______ (没有采取) her advice.‎ ‎(2) Don't you remember___ seeing the man____(see the man)before? ‎ You must remember__to leave____(leave) tomorrow. ‎ ‎(3) I would love___ to go _ ‎ ‎(go)to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish the report. ‎ ‎(4) I object to _____being made fun of_____________ (make fun of ).‎ 考点三、不定式和分词作定语的比较 ‎ ‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ ‎（1）The problem __to be discussed_（discuss）at tomorrow’s meeting is how to deal with the meeting.‎ ‎（2）He had no pen __to write with______.(write)‎ ‎（3）He only had a small room____to live in_____.(live)‎ ‎（4）The plan ___made______(make)is of vital importance.‎ ‎(5) He is the first one ___to help____( help) me with computer.‎ ‎(6) The building ___being constucted__________(construct) now will be used as a library.‎ ‎(7) Those ___finishing homework____________(已经完成作业)（finish）can go home now 考点四、非谓语动词作主语补语和宾语补语的考查 ‎ ‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ ‎（1）The children were last seen __playing_____(play) by the river.‎ ‎（2）They went home, leaving much work ____ unfinished______(unfinish)．‎ ‎（3）I found the little boy __lying_______(lie) under the tree when I passed by. ‎ ‎（4）The teacher wanted the paper __to be finished______ (finish )in an hour. ‎ 考点五、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ ‎（1）___Having got_ (get) tired of Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.‎ ‎(2) ___Not having received___________(not receive )an answer, he decided to write another letter to them. ‎ ‎(3) When__offered_____(offer) help, one often says “ Thank you. ” or “ It ’ s kind of you.‎ ‎(4)_Faced_____(face)with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.‎ ‎(5) _____Seated_______(seat) in the room, he is absorbed in reading.‎ ‎(6) When _comparing____(compare)different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences ‎ ‎(7) He worked deep into the night, ____preparing____( prepare )a speech for the president. ‎ ‎(8) I got up very early this morning____to preparing_________( prepare )breakfast for my family. ‎ 考点六：非谓语动词特殊形式的考查 ‎ ‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ ‎ (1) It is difficult to imagine his __making______the decision without any consideration.‎ ‎ (2) The president’s attending ______ (the president attend) the meeting gave them a great deal of encouragement. ‎ ‎（3）I really can't understand ___your treating___( you treat ) her like that. ‎ ‎2. 非谓语动词的独立主格结构的考查 ‎ ‎ ‎【即境活用】‎ ‎（1）With the children __following______(follow) him, he had to go back to the park. ‎ ‎（2）With the work____finished__ (finish), he could go home.‎ ‎（3）With so many books ___to read______(read), I could not go out. ‎ ‎ (4) His wife came down the stairs, with a book ___in her hand_____(hand) ‎ ‎(5) The students stood in line with the national flag ___raised______(raise).‎