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新目标英语八年级下册导学案
执笔： 姚芳 审核： 审批： 授课人：姚芳
授课时间： 2011-3-22 学案编号： 003 班级： 姓名： 小组：
课题：Unit 4 He said I was hard-working. 课型：新课
【学习目标】
1.掌握P26-31黑体单词和重点短语
2.理解直接引语和间接引语
3.掌握间接引语在中考中的考查重点—宾语从句
【重难点预见】
1.宾语从句常考点：引导词，尤其是if和wether的用法，时态以及语序
2.理解间接引语
【知识链接】
1 归纳形容人物性格及心情的形容词：
2.复习由that引导的宾语从句，举例如下：
分析that 在句中的用法：
【学法指导】
1. 课前预习，拼读新单词，练习语音能力
2. 课前复习，练习归纳能力
3. 课上认真听讲，积极思考，理解新知识，掌握必考知识
【学习流程】
n 自主学习： 自行朗读并翻译语法焦点的句子，思考直接引语是怎样转换为间接引语的，观察并总结这两种引语的差异，举例说明如下：
n 合作探究：
考点说明：中考对直接引语和间接引语的要求是理解，能读懂完形填空、阅读理解中的两种引语，但对宾语从句的检测中，会有所涉及，因此本单元的语法重点，趋于掌握宾语从句及其基本用法。
下面是宾语从句的详细讲解，请大家认真阅读并掌握考点（运用或背熟）
重庆市的中考要求，掌握以下3大方面即可：
一、 明确三种类型
宾语从句根据其引导词的不同可分为三种类型：
1. 由连词that引导的宾语从句，如：
He said (that) it was Sunday yesterday.
2. 由连词if/whether引导的宾语从句，如：
Could you tell me if /whether there will be a test next week?
3. 由 which, when等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句，如：
I don’t know how I can get there.
二、 理顺三个步骤
把两个单句组成含有宾语从句的复合句时，合并变化应遵循以下三个步骤：
1. 确定引导词
根据从句的句子类型选择正确的引导词。若从句为陈述句，则引导词为that(that在口语中常省略)；若从句是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句，则引导词为if或whether；若从句是特殊疑问句，则引导词由疑问词转化而来的疑问代词/副词。
2. 调整语序
宾语从句永远是陈述句语序。若原句是疑问句式，则应将它调整为陈述句语序。如：
1) Is he going to the shop? I want to know.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)
I want to know if/whether he is going to the shop.
2) When does he get up? Do you know? (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Do you know when he gets up?
3. 变换时态
A. 若主句谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句可根据实际情况选用所需要的任何时态。如：
1) He says (that) he will finish the work tomorrow.
2) I think (that) they have already gone to Beijing.
B. 若主句谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句动词的时态用过去时的某种形式（如：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等）。如：
1) She asked if/whether he was leaving for Shanghai soon.
2) He said (that) they had a very good journey.
另外，还需考虑标点的使用和人称的变化。
A. 带宾语从句的主从复合句的标点由主句来决定。若主句是陈述句，则用句号；若主句是疑问句，则用问号。如：
1) When do we arrive? We don’t know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
We don’t know when we arrive.
2) What time does the ship leave? Do you know? (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Do you know what time the ship leaves?
B. 需变为宾语从句的句子的主语如果是第一人称，则随主句的主语变（主句主语是第几人称，则宾语从句的主语变为第几人称）；如果是第二人称，则随主句的宾语变（主句宾语是第几人称，则宾语从句的主语变为第几人称）；如果是第三人称，则不要变（宾语从句的主语仍用第三人称）。如：
1) Shall I go there? He asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
He asked me if/whether he would go there.
2) Will you go there? He asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
He asked me if/whether I would go there.
3) Will she go there? He asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
He asked me if/whether she would go there.
三、加强三点注意
1. 时态不变
当宾语从句的内容是客观事实或科学真理等时，不论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时态。如：
The earth goes around the sun. The teacher said. (改为宾语从句)
The teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun.
2. “两副面孔”
if和when等既能引导宾语从句，又能引导状语从句。因此，碰到此种情况要认真分析看它们属于“两副面孔”的哪一种。当从句表示将来时, 若引导的是宾语从句，它们的时态常用一般将来时；若引导的是状语从句，它们的时态常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：
1) I don’t know if/when he will come tomorrow.(宾语从句)
2) If/When he comes, he’ll tell you about it.(状语从句)
3. 从句的简化
A. 当主句谓语动词为hope, wish, decide, choose, agree等，且主句与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：
He agreed that he could help me with my English.
→He agreed to help me with my English.
B. 当主句谓语动词为hear, see, watch等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或v-ing形式。如：
I heard that some children sang / were singing some songs.
→I heard some children sing/singing some songs.
C. 在疑问词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语相一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：
I don’t know what I should do.
→I don’t know what to do.
n 展示提升：
完成教材P26-27听力练习
口语操练间接引语
n 范例参考
What did she say?
She said she was having a party for Lana on Friday.
【达标测评】
1.Can you see________?
A. what he’s reading B. what is he reading
C. what does he read D. he reads what
2._What did your son say in the letter?
_He told me that he___ the Disney would the next day
A.will visit B. has visited
C. is going to visit D. would visit
3.He didn’t know__________
A.what’s the matter B.what the matter is
C. what was the matter D. what the matter was
4.Somebody called you just now,but I didn’t know____
A.who were they B. who they were
C. who was it D. who it was
5.I want to know_____
A.what is his name B. what’s his name
C. that his name is D. what his name is
6.---Could you tell me ___she is looking for?
---Her cousin,susan.
A.that B.whose C .who D.which
7.---What are you searching the Internet for?
---I’m trying to find out____.
A.What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLU
B.How many persons have died in Iraq
C.How to protect our environment
D.Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea.
【自主测评】
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.
2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.
3.There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.
4.Can they speak French? I want to know.
I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.
5. Are the children playing games? Tell me.
Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.
11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.
I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.
12. What's his name? I asked him.
I asked him what _____ _____ _____.
13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.
Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.
14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.
He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.
二 、运用宾语从句语序的知识，完成下列选择填空。
( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.
A. if you are free the next week B. what color was it
C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring
( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.
A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon
C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry
( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.
A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost
C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car
( ) 4. Peter knew _______________.
A. whether he has finished reading the book
B. why the boy had so many questions
C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris
( )5. Could you tell me ___________?
A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
( )6. I can't understand ______the boy alone.
A. why she left B. why did she leave
C. why she had left D. why had she left
( )7. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen
( )8.I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.
A. why did he get B. why he gets C. why does he get D. why he got
( )9. The manager came up to see __________.
A. what was the matter B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is D. what's the matter
( )10. He asked his father _______.
A. where it happens B. where did it happen
C. how it happened D. how did it happen
( )11. No one tells us______, so we need your help.
A. how we should do B. what should we do
C. how to do it D. what to do it
( )12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.
A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking
( )13.They don't know _______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
( )14. ─Where do you think ______ he _____ the TV set?
─ Sorry, I've no idea.
A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought
( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five years.
A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another
( )16. ─ Could you tell me ______? ─ Yes. He ____ to the USA.
A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone
C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone
( )17. ─Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.
─Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead.
A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain
C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains
( )18. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________.
A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive
C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives
( )19.Miss Liu said ______ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
( )20. He asked me _______.
A. who will kick the first goal in the World Cup
B. when was the APEC meeting held
C. when China became a member of the WTO
D. where the 2008 Olympics will be held
( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper ______ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.
A. that B. how C. what D. if
( )22. You must remember _______.
A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say
C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said
( )23. I don’t know ______ .
A. which room I can live B. which room can I live
C. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in
( )24.－－Do you know when he ______ back ?
－－Sorry , I don’t . When he _______back , I’ll tell you .
A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will come
C. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come
( )25 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
( )26 Mary said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone
C. has never been D. had never been
( )27 The students want to know whether they___ a PE class today.
A. had B. has C. will have D. are
( )28. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when D. that
( )29.I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
( )30. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how
五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. We are sure that he ________ (go) to school tomorrow.
2. Do you know who ______ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?
3. Could you tell me where the post office ______ (is)?
4. Our father said that he _______ (will) buy a new computer.
5. I hear that he _______ (swim) in the sea yesterday.
6. The little boy tells us where his father _______ (work).
7. He said that he _________ (finish) his work already.
8. They thought they could _______ (hike) to the top of the mountain.
9. He was glad that so many people _____ (help) him.
10. She doesn’t know whether ________ (go) or wait.
知识盘点：
心得感悟：
八年级英语新目标下 Unit4 复习学案
一、重点词汇1曾经_______（反义词）_______2疯狂的_______（近义词）_______3消息_______（复数）_______4传递_______（过去式）_______5小吃_______（复数）_______6幸运地_______（形容词）_______7坏的_______（比较级）_______（最高级）_______8抄袭_______（过去式）_______9自己的______（名词）_______10稀薄的______（比较级）______11决定______（动词）______12开始开端_____（同义词）_____13影响_____（复数）_____14危险_____（形容词）_______
二、重点词组1看肥皂剧____________2举行惊喜晚会____________3在星期五晚上___________
4生某人的气____________5令人兴奋的一周____________6致力于____________7应该________
8在公共汽车站____________9传递消息__________10首先__________11把答案给......________
12在某方面做得好____________13健康____________14期末考试____________15
变得紧张_____
16在.......方面很困难____________17抄别人的作业____________18克服____________19在一个贫穷的山村____________20教育部____________21在中国农村地区____________22海拔2000米以上____________23同意某人的决定________________24开阔眼界____________25返回某地____________26关心____________27濒危野生动物____________
三、重点句型
1.What did he say? He said I was hard-working.
2.She told me she would call me the next day
3.Ben told Lana that Marcia was going to have a surprise party .
4.In English,I’m better at reading than listening.
5.I can do better in math.6.How’s it going?
6.I had a really hard time with science this semester.
7.Mom and Dad send their love.
8.That’s about all the news I have for now.
9.He didn’t know what was happening outside.
10.She didn’t want to be my best friend anymore.
11.The Peking University gratuate first went there as a volunteer.
12.He asked me if I was interested in English
13.His mother told me he is a good boy.
14.He asked me what he could do for me.
四、重点语法：（一）直接引语 变 间接引语。
1.“…”是陈述句,引导词用that.
1) She said to me, “ We will go to the zoo.” She told me _____ _______ would go to the zoo..
2)Jim said to us, “ You do your homework .”Jim told us ____ _______ ____ ______ homework
3) He said, “ She isn’t at home.” He said_______ ________ __________ at home.
2. “…”是一般疑问句时，用 if/whether, 再把一般疑问句变为陈述句。
1)He said to me, “ Do you often come to school late?”He _____ me _____ ____ often ___ to school late.
He said, “ Are you interested in all the lessons now?”He _ me _ __ __ interested in all the lessons then.
3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，主句动词变ask sb.，特殊疑问词放主句后，再变为陈述句。(不可接that)
1)He said to us, “ What are you doing these days?”He ______ us _____ _____ _____ doing those days.
2)“What can I do for you?” he asked me. He asked me ________ ________ _______ do for _______.
3)He said, “ Who did this good thing this morning?”He______ _______did that good thing that morning.
4. 直接引语是祈使句，主句动词常用tell/ ask sb. (not) to do sth.。如果祈使句是否定形式，不定式前加not。
He said to the boy, “ Please read the story to us.”He _____ the boy _____ ______ the story to ______.
She said to the kids, “ Don’t sing in class.” She ______ the kids ______ ______ ______ in class
（二）.时态变化：1. 一般现在时 ----一般过去时
1)He said, “ I like watching TV.” He said _______ _______ _________ watching TV.
2)The girl said to them, “ You can’t talk.”The girl told them ______ ________ ________ talk.
2.现在进行时 ---- 过去进行时
1)The man said, “ They are sitting here.” The man said ______ _____ _______ there
3.一般将来时 ---- 过去将来时[]
1)He said to me, “ You won’t be late.”He ______ me (that) _______ ____________ be late.
2)She said to him, “ You will be at school tomorrow.” She ____ him ___ __ be at school __ the next day.
注意：直接引语中，转述的是客观真理，谚语，习语，时态不变。
（三）时间状语在间接引语中的变化规则如下：
直接引语 间接引语
today that day
this morning/afternoon, etc. that morning/afternoon, etc.
yesterday the day before, the previous day
(the) day before yesterday two days before
tomorrow the next day, the following day
(the) day after tomorrow two days after, in two days’ time
next week/month, etc. the next week/month, etc.
last week/month the week/month before
now then
五、重点难点释义：
1.I asked her why she wanted to do that, and she said that she had forgotten to do hers.
forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 (还没有做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 (已经做过了)
类似的还有：remember to do sth. 记得做某事 (还没有做)remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 (
2. I said I didn’t think it was a good idea for her to copy my homework.
注意的think 用法：如果think 引导的宾语从句，其从句表示否定意思时，不是否定从句，而是否定主句。e.g. 翻译下列句子：我认为你说的并不正确。 I don’t think you are right.
