- 163.86 KB
- 2023-04-22 发布
- 1、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,可选择认领,认领后既往收益都归您。
- 2、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细先通过免费阅读内容等途径辨别内容交易风险。如存在严重挂羊头卖狗肉之情形,可联系本站下载客服投诉处理。
- 文档侵权举报QQ:3215808601
高考英语二轮专题复习精品语法、名词
诊断与对策
Ⅰ.选择括号内的词填空
1. Then after receiving a______________(scholarship/degree) from Saint Francis
University,she got a job at an insurance firm and eventually started her own
company.
2.Dad was quite skilled in sailing,but not good at_____________ (boating/swimming).
3.He was_____________ (failure/a failure) as a teacher.
4._____________ (Women/Women’s) Day is in two (week’s/weeks’) time.
5.There are ten_____________ (man/men) doctors in this medical team.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1.“Tommy,run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted,with _____clearly
in her voice.
A.anger B.rudeness C.regret D.panic
解析 根据“Tommy,run! Be quick! The house is on fire!”可知母亲话音里的“惊恐”,
panic 符合句意。
2.—What’s that on the desk?
—It’s a letter sent by ________.
A.my father friend B.my father friend’s
C.a friend of my father’s D.friends of my father
解析 考查双重所有格。句意为:——桌子上是什么?——那是我父亲的一个朋友寄来的一
封信。a friend of my father’s 强调“我爸爸的朋友中的一个”,friends of my father
强调“我爸爸的一些朋友”,单从选项中看不出这两个选项的对错,但是答语中是 It’s,
表示单数意义。
3.I had my hair cut at the ________ around the corner.
A.barber B.barbers C.barber’s D.barbers’
解析 表示店铺或某人的家时,常在名词所有格之后省去 shop,house,home 等名词。
4. In China,________ graduates go abroad to have further study every year.
A.a great deal of B.many a C.a large amount of D.masses of
解析 句意为:在中国,每年都有很多毕业生到国外深造。masses of“许多的”,既可修饰
可数名词也可修饰不可数名词,符合题意。a great deal of 和 a large amount of 只修
饰不可数名词;many a 后只接单数名词。
备考策略
1.注重语境
利用特定的语境考查名词的用法是考查的重点,做题时要深入理解语境,结合句意作出最
佳选择。
2.辨析词义
平时学习中一定要努力扩大词汇量,更要特别注意同义词和近义词含义及用法的差别,把
握住各选项的真正内涵,才能作出正确的判断。
3.注意搭配
名词的固定搭配和习惯表达主要涉及“介词+名词”、“名词+介词”、“动词+名词”
等。学习中要注意积累,做好储备。同时还要掌握名词所有格以及名词的有关问题。
考点与考题
考点一 可转化为可数名词的不可数名词
1.抽象名词具体化时为可数名词,表示“某种人或事”。
beauty 美人或美丽的事物;failure 失败的人或事;success 成功的人或事;surprise 令
人吃惊的人或事;danger 令人感到危险的人或事;pity 令人遗憾的人或事物;honor 带来荣
誉的人或事;experience 体验;经历
The team’s performance has been a disappointment for the fans.
2.物质名词表示个体概念时常可数。
smoke 烟;a smoke 一缕烟;tea 茶;a tea 一杯茶;sweat 汗;a sweat 一身汗;paper 纸;
a paper 一张报纸;一篇论文;light 光线;a light 一盏灯;rain 雨;a rain 一阵雨
下午时房间里光线很足。(翻译)
The room gets a lot of lights in the afternoon.(×)
The room gets a lot of light in the afternoon.(√)
3.有些不可数名词的复数形式有特殊的含义。
rains 大量的雨水,多场雨;snows 大量的雪,多场雪;winds 多场风,大风;waters 大
片水域;sands 沙滩;woods 森林;fruits 各种各样的水果;glasses 眼镜;forces 军队;brains
智力,聪明的人;looks 外表;manners 礼貌
做这件工作你得动脑子。(翻译)
You have to use your brain in this job.(×)
You have to use your brains in this job.(√)
考题印证
1.It’s______good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives
them______pleasure.
A./;a B.a;/ C.the;a D.a;the
解析 句意为:上海世博会给人们带来的“乐趣”,使他们感觉良好。根据句意,此处 feeling
是指具体的感觉,故应是可数名词,应用 a;而给人们带来的“乐趣”是抽象概念,pleasure
此处为不可数名词,故不用冠词。
2.We all hold the belief that ________ 2012 London Olympic Games will be ________
success.
A./;a B.the;/ C.the;a D.a;a
解析 第一空为特指,应用定冠词 the;第二空 success 为抽象名词具体化,意为“一件成功
的事”,应用不定冠词 a,类似的词还有 failure,pleasure 等。
3.—How do you like ______ speaker?
—His attitude toward the event was ________ big surprise to me.
A.the;a B.an;a C.the;the D.an;the
解析 第一空指说话双方都知道的人,表示特指,故用定冠词 the;第二空表示一个惊讶,表
示泛指,故用不定冠词。
4.—Can I help you,sir?
—________.
A.Two teas,please B.Two tea,please C.Two cup of teas D.Two cups of teas
解析 tea 作为物质名词是不可数的,但若表示“一杯茶”或“一种茶”时,则是可数的。Two
teas,please,意为“请来两杯茶”。类似的有:Two beers,please.“请来两杯啤酒。”
考点二 名词的所有格
1.以“s”结尾的复数名词所有格只加“’”。
如:the 书 teachers’ reading room,ten minutes’ walk
2.特殊变化的复数名词后加“’s”。
如:Women’s Day,the Children’s Palace
3.名词并列时,所有格形式不同,意义不同。
如:Tom and Bob’s desk 汤姆和鲍勃的桌子(共有)
Tom’s and Bob’s desks 汤姆的桌子和鲍勃的桌子(不共有)
4.表示店铺或某人的家时,常在名词所有格之后省去 shop,house,home 等。
如:the tailor’s,the doctor’s,my uncle’s
He went to his uncle’s.他去了叔叔家。
5.双重所有格
(1)当 of 短语所修饰的名词前有表示数量的词如 a/two/some/any/no 等时,表示所有关系的
of 后加名词所有格或名词性物主代词。如:a friend of my brother’s/his,several
students of Mr.Smith’s/mine。
(2)当 of 短语所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词表示赞赏、厌恶等情绪时,of 后也用名词所有
格或名词性物主代词。
That little son of Xiao Li’s/yours is really lovely. 小李的/你的那个小
儿子真可爱。
This invention of the professor’s/his is of great importance. 教授的/他的这项
发明很重要。
这是我妈妈本人的一张照片。
This is a photo of my mother’s.(×)
This is a photo of my mother.(√)
考题印证
1.The_______shoes were covered with mud,so I asked them to take them off before
they got into _______ car.
A.girl’s;Tom’s B.girls’;Toms’ C.girls’;Tom’s
D.girl’s;Toms’
解析 由下文的 them 可知女孩不只是一个,所以所有格应该是 girls’的形式,可先排除___
和___两个选项。再根据 Tom 的所有格是 Tom’s,选哪个最佳呢?
2.—Excuse me,is the supermarket far from here?
—No,it’s about ________.
A.7 minutes walk B.7 minute walk C.7 minutes’ walk D.7 minute’s walk
解析 本题考查名词所有格用法。当名词的复数以s 结尾时,其所有格形式只需在词尾加
“’”即可,则“7 分钟的距离”为“7 minutes’walk”。
3.Last Sunday I met ________ in the supermarket.
A.a friend of Jim B.a friend of Jims C.a friend of Jims’ D.a friend
of Jim’s
解析 a friend of 后用名词性物主代词或名词后加’s 形式。如:a friend of mine (我的
一个朋友),a friend of my father’s (我父亲的一个朋友)。
4.Don’t you think it interesting that her ________ birthdays both fall in the same
day?
A.husband and son’s B.husband and son C.husband’s and son D.husband’s
and son’s
解析 句意为:你不认为她丈夫和儿子的生日在同一天很有意思吗?根据句意可知,指的是
“丈夫和儿子各自的生日”,所以要分别用所有格形式,哪个选项最佳显而易见了吧?
考点三 名词的修饰语
只修饰可数名词的修饰语有:(a) few,several,many (a),a number of,more than one
等;
只修饰不可数名词的修饰语有:(a) little,much,a good/great deal of,a bit of,a large
amount of 等;
既能修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的有:some,any,a lot of,lots of,plenty of,
enough,most,a mass of,all,quantities of,a quantity of,the rest,masses of 等。
选词填空
A large ________ (number/amount) of money is spent on tobacco every year.
考题印证
1.He doesn’t have________furniture in his room—just an old desk.
A.any B.many C.some D.much
解析 由于破折号后出现了 just an old desk,表示肯定含义,且 furniture 为不可数名词,
故空格处用 much。
2.Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached
200,000,a(n)________of 40,000 per year.
A.average B.number C.amount D.quantity
解析 句意为:去年拿到驾照的学员数量达到了 20 万,平均每年 4 万。an average of...“……
的平均数”;a number of,an amount of,a quantity of 均意为“许多,大量”。
考点四 常见的与名词有关的搭配
put...into practice;turn...into reality 实行;实施
spare no effort to do...不遗余力做……
keep/bear...in/into mind;learn...by heart 记住;熟记
take...into account/consideration 将……考虑在内
take measures/steps 采取措施
reach/come to/arrive at an agreement 达成协议或一致意见
keep sb.company 陪伴某人
make a difference 起作用;与众不同
find fault with sb.对某人吹毛求疵;找某人的岔子
attach importance/significance to 认为……很重要;强调
make/leave an impression on sb.给某人留下印象
make room for...为……让空
make a bargain 讨价还价
take a message for sb.给某人捎个口信
take advantage of 利用
take/run a risk;take a chance 冒险
考题印证
1.He and his partner made a ________ to share the latest information in business.
A.sense B.judgment C.headline D.bargain
解析 句意为:他和他的生意伙伴讨价还价来分享最新的商业信息。make a bargain“讨价
还价”。
2.James took the magazines off the little table to make________for the television.
A.room B.area C.field D.position
解析 句意为:James 从小桌上取走杂志,腾出空来放电视机。make room for...“为……腾
出空间”;make 与其他三项构不成固定搭配,含义上也讲不通。
3.The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from
his patients,so he has a very good________.
A.expectation B.reputation C.contribution
D.civilization
解析 句意为:这位医生在治疗心脏病方面技术精湛,并且从不接受病人的礼物,所以他获
得了非常好的名声。expectation“期望,预料”;reputation“名声”;contribution“贡
献”;civilization“文明”。
4.Everybody knows the saying that you may know a man by the ________ he keeps.
A.partner B.neighbor C.company D.friend
解析 句意为:每个人都知道“察其友知其人”这个谚语。此处的 company 表示“同伴,朋
友”,(that/who/whom) he keeps 是定语从句,修饰这一先行词。
5.Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s ________.
A.touch B.sight C.reach D.distance
解析 句意为:永远都要记得把像刀子之类的危险品放在孩子们够不到的地方。out of one’s
reach 固定短语,意为“在某人够不到的地方”。
题点与题组
命题点一 名词在具体语境中的应用
1.Giving up my job to go back to fulltime education was a big ________,but now
I know it was the best decision I ever made.
A.project B.commitment C.competition
D.ambition
解析 commitment“承诺;投入;花费”; project“计划;工程”;competition“竞争”;
ambition“野心;志向”,哪个义项更适合题干呢?
2.There’s a ________ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday,he/she
brings in a cake for us all to share.
A.tradition B.balance C.concern D.relationship
解析 句意为:在我们办公室有一个传统,那就是在某一个人过生日时,那个人就带一个蛋
糕到办公室和大家一起分享。tradition“传统”;balance“平衡”;concern“担心”;
relationship“关系”。
3.What’s the___,in your opinion,of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to
help himself?
A.sympathy B.theme C.object D.point
解析 考查固定句型:What’s the point of doing...?“做……有什么意义呢?”。
4.Donald doesn’t have much patience—he often loses his ________.
A.courage B.mind C.balance D.temper
解析 courage“勇气”;mind“记忆,理解”;balance“平衡”;temper“脾气”。由上
句“他没有太多的耐心”可分析出他容易发脾气,选择哪个更佳呢?固定短语 lose one’s
temper 的意思你知道吗?
5.His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any ________ of it.
A.explanation B.meaning C.sense D.guess
解析 make sense of 意为“明白,理解”。句意为:他的信那么令人费解,我几乎没弄明白。
命题点二 不可数名词的可数化
1.Ten years had passed.I found she had ________.
A.a few white hairs B.a little white hair C.some white hair D.more white
hair
解析 hair 可用作可数名词或不可数名词,用作可数名词时,指一根一根的头发,比如说
There’s a hair in my soup.(我的汤里有根头发);用作不可数名词时,则是整体地指一个
人的头发。
2.—She got her first science fiction published.It turned out to be ________.
—When was that?
—It was in 2008 when she was still in college.
A.success B.a success C.successes D.succeed
解析 考查名词的用法。success 一般为不可数名词,意为“成功”;a success 表示“成功
的事或人”,在此是可数名词。
3.It is a great ________ for a person to be able to drive when he is seeking a job.
A.advantage B.chance C.benefit D.fortune
解析 句意为:找工作时,对一个人来说会开车是一大优势。advantage“优势,有利条件”;
chance“机会”;benefit“利益,好处”;fortune“运气;机会”。由句意可知 A 项正确。
4.One day Mary’s mother told her best friend of all her ________.
A.hope and fear B.hope and fears C.hopes and fears D.hopes and fear
解析 表示人或物的特征、情感、情绪的抽象名词表示具体事物时,可用作可数名词,有单
复数变化。