【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十九（15页word版） 15页

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十九 ‎[一]‎ The Parthenon in Athens is a building with a long and complex history. Built nearly 2,500 years ago as a temple celebrating the Greek goddess Athena, it was for thousands of years the church of the Virgin Mary of the Athenians, then a mosque (清真寺), and finally a ruin. The building was changed and the sculptures much damaged over the centuries. By 1800 only about half of the original sculptural decoration remained.‎ Between 1801 and 1805, Lord Elgin, the British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, which controlled Athens, acting with the full knowledge and permission of the Ottoman authorities，removed about half of the remaining sculptures from the fallen ruins and from the building itself.Lord Elgin loved Greek history and transported the sculptures back to Britain. The arrival of the sculptures in London had a huge effect on the European public, greatly increasing interest in ancient Greek culture and influencing contemporary artistic trends. These sculptures were acquired from Lord Elgin by the British Museum in 1816 and since then they have all been on display to the public, free of charge.‎ Since the early 1980s, however, the Greek government has argued for the permanent removal to Athens of all the Parthenon sculptures in the British Museum. They have also challenged the British Museum Board of Trustees' legal title to the sculptures.‎ The British Museum, however, insists that it exists to tell the story of cultural achievement throughout the world, from the dawn of human history over two million years ago until the present day. The museum considers itself an important resource for the world: the breadth and depth of its collection allows the world public to reexamine cultural identities and explore the complex network of interconnected world cultures.‎ It also says that, within the context of this unparalleled collection, the Parthenon sculptures are an important representation of ancient Athenian civilization. Each year millions of visitors admire the artistry of the sculptures and gain insights on how ancient Greece influenced - and was influenced by - the other civilizations that it encountered.‎ ‎1. For most of its history people went to the Parthenon to________.‎ A. admire the goddess Athena B. pray to their god C. search for sculptures D. learn about its complex history ‎[答案]B ‎2. The underlined "it" (in Paragraph 4) refers to "________"．‎ A. the British Museum B. the Greek government C. the Parthenon D. the British Museum Board of Trustees ‎[答案]A ‎3. What can we infer from the passage?‎ A. The sculptures introduced ancient Greek culture to the west.‎ B. Ancient Greek culture has greatly influenced world culture.‎ C. The British Museum has made much money from the Parthenon sculptures.‎ D. The British Museum is the place most capable of preserving these sculptures.‎ ‎[答案]B ‎4. What can we learn about Lord Elgin from the passage?‎ A. He is greatly admired in Greece.‎ B. He worked for the Ottoman Empire.‎ C. He saved the Parthenon sculptures from being destroyed.‎ D. He had a deep interest in Greek culture.‎ ‎[答案]D ‎5. The author's main intention in writing this passage is to tell________.‎ A. the history of the Parthenon and its sculptures B. what people can see in the British Museum C. why the British Museum refuses to return the sculptures D. the influence of Greece on British culture ‎[答案]C ‎[二]‎ If you travel to a new exhibit at the San Francisco Conservatory of Flowers, you will have chances to see some meat-eating plants. Take bladderworts, a kind of such plant, for example. They appear so small and grow in a quiet pond. But these are the fastest-known killers of the plant kingdom, able to capture a small insect in 1/50 of a second using a trap door!‎ Once the trap door closes on the victim, the enzymes(酶) similar to those in the human stomach slowly digest the insect. When dinner is over, the plant opens the trap door and is ready to trap again.‎ Meat-eating plants grow mostly in wet areas with soil that doesn' t offer much food value. In such conditions, these amazing plants have developed insect traps to get their nutritional needs over thousands of years. North America has more such plants than any other continent.‎ Generally speaking, the traps may have attractive appearance to fool the eye, like pitcher plants, which get their name because they look like beautiful pitchers (a container like a bottle) full of nectar(花蜜)．‎ The Asian pitcher plant, for example, has bright colors and an attractive half-closed lid. Curious insects are tempted to come close and take a sip, and then slide down the slippery (光滑的)slope to their deaths.‎ Hair-like growths along the pitcher walls ensure that nothing cab escape, and the digestive enzymes can get to work. A tiny insect can be digested in a few hours, but a fly takes a couple of days.‎ Some of these pitchers are large enough to hold two gallons. Meateating plants only eat people in science fiction movies, but sometimes a bird or other small animals will discover that a pitcher plant isn' t a good place to get a drink.‎ ‎[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些特别的植物--靠捕食动物获得生长所需养分的"食肉植物"。‎ ‎1．From the first paragraph, we can know that bladderworts can ________.‎ A. capture 50 small insects in a second B. capture an insect in the shortest time C. be found floating on a quiet lake D. digest an insect in 1/50 of a second ‎[解析]细节理解题。第一段指出，bladderworts能在1/50秒的时间内捕获一只小昆虫，是植物中已知的捕获动物速度最快的，因此选B。[答案]B ‎2．If the trap door of a meat-eating plant is closed, the plant ________.‎ A. is fooling insects into taking a sip B. is producing nectar C. is tempting insects to come close D. is enjoying a dinner ‎[解析]细节判断题。第二段说，一旦"陷阱门"将猎物关起来，类似于人胃里的那些消化酶就开始慢慢地消化它了，由此判断D正确。[答案]D ‎3．Meat-eating plants can grow in wet and poor soil because they ________.‎ A. can get nutrition from animals B. don' t need much food value C. can make the most of such conditions D. have developed digestive enzymes ‎[解析]推理判断题。这些植物生长在潮湿贫瘠的土壤中，为获得生长所需的养分，在数千年的进化中，它们演化出了捕获昆虫的"陷阱"，由此推出它们主要从动物中获取养分，而不是从土壤中获取养分。[答案]A ‎5．According to the passage, which of the following is true?‎ A. South Asia has the most meat-eating plants.‎ B. Some of the meat-eating plants can even eat a human.‎ C. Hairlike growths in the plants help trap insects.‎ D. The traps of these plants have a dull color.‎ ‎[解析]细节理解题。依据文章第三段最后一句可知，北美洲的食肉植物最多，故A错。从最后一段中的第二句可知，食肉植物是不吃人的，所以B项错。从文章倒数第二段可知，这些须状的东西可以防止小昆虫逃跑，故C项正确。从文章第四段可知，食肉植物为了吸引昆虫一般有漂亮的外形，故D项错。[答案]C ‎[三]‎ After years of research and testing, the hybrid car was developed and put on the market. It' s an interesting and exciting new improvement in today' s world as we look for better ways to protect the quality of the air we breathe and conserve our natural resources.‎ The quality of our air is affected by many different things. But one of the largest sources of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline which is used to power a car' s engine. The EPA has set national standards to help control the level of harmful pollutants sent off into the air, and the automobile industry has acted by producing a hybrid car that uses less gas and therefore causes less pollution.‎ A hybrid car is a combination of a regular car that runs on gasoline and an electric car that is battery powered. Some people tend to think that since the hybrid car is partially electric, you have to plug it in to charge it. But that's not how it works. The 144volt battery pack is actually recharged through the energy that is produced when the car's brakes are used. This is referred to as "regenerative braking" , because it generates electricity.‎ Although the hybrid car still runs on gasoline most of the time, this helps it use less gas than a regular car. When the driver stops at a traffic light, the engine automatically shuts off to save fuel. Then, as soon as the driver puts the car in gear and touches the gas pedal, the engine starts back up.‎ Have you ever ridden in a car with someone who ran out of gas? That probably wouldn' t happen if you were riding in a hybrid car. It flashes a waming on its computer screen that says, "I am low on gas". When it completely runs out, the warning reads，"YOU ARE NOW OUT OF GAS！" Then the electric power supply kicks in to let the driver travel a few more miles to a gas station.‎ ‎[语篇解读]本文主要介绍了一种新型汽车hybrid cars的优点和生产这种汽车的原因。‎ ‎1．Which of the following is true according to the passage?‎ A. The hybrid car will be put on the market.‎ B. Hybrid cars run faster than regular cars.‎ C. When the hybrid car stops at a traffic light, the driver will get a warning.‎ D. The burning of fossil fuels is one of the largest sources of air pollution.‎ ‎[解析]细节判断题。根据第二段的"But one of the largest sources of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline which is used to power a car's engine."可知答案。[答案]D ‎2．According to the passage, the word "hybrid" refers to ________.‎ A. a high-tech discovery B. energy saving C. a new invention D. a combination of two things ‎[解析]词义猜测题。由文章的第三段的第一句"A hybrid car is a combination of a regular car that runs on gasoline and an electric car that is battery powered."可知答案。[答案]D ‎3．"Regenerative breaking" is an important process of the hybrid car because ________.‎ A. it allows the car to come to a quick stop B. it gives the driver a smoother ride C. it produces energy to charge the battery D. it can control the speed of the car ‎[解析]细节理解题。由文章的第三段的"The 144volt battery pack is...because it generates electricity."可知答案。[答案]C ‎4．Which of the following is right about the EPA?‎ A. They designed hybrid cars.‎ B. They outlawed (宣布......为不合法) the burning of fossil fuels.‎ C. They set important guidelines that help control pollution.‎ D. Their main purpose is to protect endangered plants and animals.‎ ‎[解析]细节理解题。由文章的第二段的第三句可知答案。[答案]C ‎5．Which of the following is the reason for developing hybrid cars?‎ A. They use less gas than regular cars. B. They' re safer to drive than most cars.‎ C. They're more modern than other cars. D. They cost less than regular cars.‎ ‎[解析]细节理解题。由第四段的第一句"Although the hybrid car still runs on gasoline most of the time，this helps it use less gas than a regular car."可知答案。[答案]A ‎[四]‎ Bananas are one of the world' s most important food crops. They are also one of the most valuable exports. Bananas do not grow from seeds. Instead, they grow from existing plants. Bananas are threatened by disease because all the plants on a farm are copies of each other. They all share the same genetic weaknesses. For example, the Cavendish banana is most popular in North American and European markets. However，some kinds of fungus organisms easily infect the Cavendish. Black Sigatoka disease affects the leaves of Cavendish banana plants. The disease is controlled on large farms by putting chemicals on the plant' s leaves. Farmers put anti-fungal chemicals on their crops up to once a week.‎ Another fungal disease is more serious. Panama disease attacks the roots of the banana plant. There is no chemical treatment for this disease. Infected plants must be destroyed. Panama disease has affected crops in Southeast Asia, Australia and South Africa. There is concern that it may spread to bananas grown in the Americas. This could threaten an important export product for Central and South America.‎ The International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain supports research on bananas. The group has headquarters in France and other offices in the major banana-growing areas of the world. The group says that more research must be done to develop improved kinds of bananas. The group says that fungal diseases mainly affect only one kind of banana. In fact, there are five hundred different kinds of bananas. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has said that the Cavendish banana represents only 10% of world production.‎ The U．N. agency says farmers should grow different kinds of bananas. This protects against diseases that affect only one kind. Experts warn that disease may cause the Cavendish banana to disappear. This happened earlier to another popular banana because of its genetic weakness against disease.‎ ‎[语篇解读]香蕉由于遗传性的抗病弱点，在不久的将来有的品种可能会消失。文章列举了两种威胁Cavendish香蕉的真菌病，国际组织建议农民种植更多种类的香蕉。‎ ‎1．What does this passage mainly tell us?‎ A. Bananas are the world' s most important food crops.‎ B. The risk to a popular banana shows need to grow other kinds.‎ C. There are five hundred different kinds of bananas.‎ D. How to grow bananas in different countries.‎ ‎[解析]主旨大意题。根据全文内容和结构判断，文章主要介绍威胁Cavendish香蕉的真菌类疾病，进而显示出种植其他种类香蕉的必要性。故答案为B。[答案]B ‎2．Bananas are threatened by disease because ________.‎ A. they grow from seeds B. they are one of the most valuable exports C. the only way to prevent it is to put chemicals on their leaves D. they have genetic weaknesses against disease ‎[解析]细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，香蕉易受病害威胁是因为其遗传上的抗病弱点。后文也有叙述。[答案]D ‎3．Panama disease________.‎ A. doesn't belong to fungal disease B. affects the leaves of banana plants C. destroys bananas more seriously than Black Sigatoka disease D. has spread to bananas all over the world ‎[解析]细节判断题。根据第二段前两句可知A项错误；根据第二段第二句可知这种疾病威胁香蕉作物的根部，B项错误；根据第二段后三句可知，这种香蕉疾病已影响到东南亚、澳大利亚和南非，有可能传播到美洲，D项错误。由文章前两段分别对两种真菌病的描述可知，C项正确。[答案]C ‎4．We can infer from Paragraph 3 that ________.‎ A. the center of the group is in the US B. the Cavendish banana covers only a small part of the yield of bananas C. the key to solving the disease is to research all kinds of bananas D. each fungal disease affects five hundred different kinds of bananas ‎[解析]推理判断题。根据第三段中"The group has headquarters in France"可知其中心位于法国，A项错误；根据第三段第三句可知，应对这种疾病的办法是培育改良品种，而不是调查所有的品种，C项错误；根据第三段第四句可知D项错误。由第三段最后一句可判断B项正确。[答案]B ‎5．According to the passage, which information is right?‎ A. The Cavendish banana can mainly be imported from North America and Europe.‎ B. Panama disease affects the leaves of Cavendish banana plants.‎ C. The Cavendish banana won't die out in the future.‎ D. The Cavendish banana makes up only one tenth of world production.‎ ‎[解析]细节认定题。根据第一段中"the Cavendish banana is most popular in North American and European markets"可知这种香蕉在北美和欧洲市场最受欢迎，而不是从这两个地区进口，A项错误；根据第二段第二句可知B项错误；根据文章最后一段第三句可知C项错误；根据第三段最后一句可以判断D项正确。[答案]D ‎[五]‎ I once had my Chinese MBA students brainstorming on "two-hour business plans". I separated them into six groups and gave them an example: a restaurant chain. The more original their idea, the better, I said. Finally, five of the six groups presented plans for restaurant chains. The sixth proposed a catering(餐饮) service. Though I admitted the time limit had been difficult, I expressed my disappointment.‎ My students were middle managers, financial analysts and financiers from state-owned enterprises and global companies. They were not without talent or opinions, but they had been shaped by an educational system that rarely stressed or rewarded critical thinking or inventiveness. The scene I just described came in different forms during my two years' teaching at the school. Papers were often copied from the Web and the Harvard Business Review. Case study debates were written up and just memorized. Students frequently said that copying is a superior business strategy, better than inventing and creating.‎ In China，every product you can imagine has been made and sold. But so few well-developed marketing and management minds have been raised that it will be a long time before most people in the world can name a Chinese brand.‎ With this problem in mind, partnerships with institutions like Yale and MIT have been established. And then there's the "thousand talent scheme"： this new government program is intended to improve technological modernization by attracting top foreign trained scientists to the mainland with big money. But there are worries about China's research environment. It's hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness, and even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this.‎ At last, for China, becoming a major world creator is not just about setting up partnerships with top Western universities. Nor is it about gathering a group of well-educated people and telling them to think creatively. It's about establishing a rich learning environment for young minds. It's not that simple.‎ ‎1. Why does the author feel disappointed at his students?‎ A. Because there is one group presenting a catering service.‎ B. Because the six groups made projects for restaurant chains.‎ C. Because all the students copied a case for the difficult topic.‎ D. Because the students' ideas were lacking in creativeness.‎ ‎[解析]考查推理判断能力。根据第一段整体的信息作出判断和推理。[答案]D ‎2. Which of the following scenes is NOT considered as lack of creation?‎ A. Papers were often downloaded from the Internet.‎ B. Students often said that copying is a preferable business strategy.‎ C. Students combine knowledge and critical thoughts to solve a problem.‎ D. Case study debates were written up as well as recited.‎ ‎[解析]考查判断推理能力。第二段整体判断，特别是最后一句。[答案]C ‎3. The underlined word "scheme" in the forth paragraph means________.‎ A. timetable B. theme C. project D. policy ‎[解析]考查猜词能力。第四段的第2句"this new government program"中this指代前面的"thousand talent scheme"，而scheme和program为同义词，C中project为program同义词。[答案]C ‎4. We can infer from the passage that________.‎ A. China can make and sell any product all over the world B. high pay may not solve the problem of China's research environment C. cooperation with institutions has been set up to make a Chinese brand D. the new government program are aimed at encouraging imagination ‎[解析]考查推理判断能力。文中没有直接表达出来，根据最后一句得出，"even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this."中this指的是China's learning environment存在的问题即problem，也是指It's hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness这个问题。[答案]B ‎5. Which is the best title of the passage?‎ A. Look for a New Way of Learning. B. Reward Creative Thinking.‎ C. How to Become a Creator. D. Establish a technical Environment.‎ ‎[解析]考查主旨判断题。从整体和最后一段判断，整篇文章是讲关于教育出现的问题--有了丰富的学习环境，及新的学习方法，才能有创造性的研究氛围。[答案]A ‎[六]‎ Throughout the world, boys and girls prefer to play with different types of toys. Boys typically like to play with cars and trucks, while girls typically choose to play with dolls. Why is this? A traditional sociological explanation is that boys and girls are socialized and encouraged to play with different types of toys by their parents, peers, and the "society". Growing scientific evidence suggests, however, that boys' and girls' toy preferences may have a biological origin.‎ In 2002, Gerianne M. Alexander of Texas A&M University and Melissa Hines of City University in London surprised the scientific world by showing that monkeys showed the same sex-typical toy preferences as humans. In the study, Alexander and Hines gave two masculine toys (a ball and a police car), two feminine toys (a soft doll and a cooking pot), and two neutral ‎ toys (a picture book and a stuffed dog) to 44 male and 44 female monkeys. They then assessed the monkeys' preference for each toy by measuring how much time they spent with each. Their data showed that male monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the masculine toys, and the female monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the feminine toys. The two sexes did not differ in their preference for the neutral toys.‎ If children' s toy preferences were largely formed by gender socialization, as traditional sociologists' claim, in which their parents give "gender-appropriate" toys to boys and girls, how can these male and female monkeys have the same preferences as boys and girls？They were never socialized by humans, and they had never seen these toys before in their lives.‎ ‎[语篇解读]本文是科普阅读。男孩和女孩在玩玩具方面具有明显的性别差异。这种差异是后天习得的，还是与生俱来的呢？科学家对此进行了研究。‎ ‎1．Traditional sociologists believe boys' and girls' toy preferences ________.‎ A. are passed down from their parents B. have a biological origin C. have nothing to do with gender socialization D. are largely formed in later life ‎[解析]细节理解题。从文章第一段的第四句和最后一段可知，传统的社会学家认为男孩、女孩对玩具的偏好差异是后天形成的。[答案]D ‎2．The study by Alexander and Hines shows that monkeys________.‎ A. also play toys as humans do B. also have a sex-typical toy preference C. have no toy preferences D. like to play different toys at different time ‎[解析]细节理解题。文章第二段的第一句说明，猴子在玩玩具时，也有性别差异。[答案]B ‎3．Alexander and Hines carried out the study to ________.‎ A. find out why boys and girls prefer different toys B. test the intelligence of monkeys C. test whether monkeys like to play toys D. find more evidence for traditional sociology ‎[解析]推理判断题。从文章第一段最后一句和最后一段可知，用猴子做研究的目的是证明男孩和女孩在玩玩具时所表现出的偏好是与生俱来的，而不是后天习得的。[答案]A ‎4．According to the study, if given a stuffed dog, ________.‎ A. only the male monkeys showed interest B. the female monkeys showed more interest C. the male and female monkeys showed the same interest D. neither the male nor the female monkeys showed any interest ‎[解析]细节理解题。从文章第二段最后一句可知，如果给一种中性的玩具，猴子表现出的兴趣没有性别差异。[答案]C ‎5．Masculine toys are mainly intended for________.‎ A. monkeys B. adult C. boys D. girls ‎[解析]细节理解题。从文章第二段可知，这种玩具是跟女孩玩的玩具相对的，因此是指男孩玩具。[答案]C ‎[七]‎ ‎"In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight."‎ ‎"Two full inches in the first three days ！"‎ These are the kinds of statements used in magazine, newspaper，radio and television ads, promising new shapes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or the device. The promoters of such products say they can shape the legs, slim the face, smooth wrinkles，or in some other way add to beauty or desirability.‎ Often such products are nothing more than money-making things for their promoters. The results they produce are questionable, and some are dangerous to health.‎ To understand how these products can be legally promoted to the public，it is necessary to understand something of the laws covering their regulation. If the product is a drug, FDA ( Food and Drug Administration) can require proof(证明) under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that it is safe and effective before it is put on the market. But if the product is a device，FDA has no authority to require pre-marketing proof of safety or effectiveness. If a product already on the market is a danger to health, FDA can request the producer or distributor to remove it from the market voluntarily, or it can take legal action, including seizure (查封) of the product.‎ One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor, which had been sold for reducing the waistline. The Relaxacisor produced electrical shocks to the body through contact pads. FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the devices on the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life.‎ Obviously, most of the devices on the market have never been the subject of court proceedings(法律诉讼), and new devices appear continually. Before buying, it is up to judge the consumer to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items.‎ ‎[语篇解读]一些所谓的塑身、健美、美容的商品广告，商家和促销商仅仅是为了挣钱，而实际的结果令人怀疑，有些还有害于健康。事实证明，许多投放在市场上的医疗设备并不受法律约束，在购买前消费者要自己判断它们的安全和效果。‎ ‎1. It can be inferred that the ads mentioned in the text are________.‎ A. objective B. costly C. unreliable D. illegal ‎[解析]推理判断题。由第四段可知，促销商仅仅为了赚钱，而这些产品的效果令人怀疑。[答案]C ‎2. Which of the following is true according to the text?‎ A．The court is in charge of removing dangerous products.‎ B. New products are more likely to be questionable.‎ C. The production of a device must be approved by FDA.‎ D. The promoters usually just care about profits.‎ ‎[解析]事实细节题。由第四段第一句可知，促销商仅仅为了赚钱。[答案]D ‎3. FDA can ask for the proof of safety and effectiveness of a product________.‎ A. if it is a drug B. if it is a device C. if its consumers make complaints D. if its distributors challenge FDA's authority ‎[解析]事实细节题。由第五段的第二句可知。[答案]A ‎4. The Relaxacisor is mentioned as________.‎ A. a product which was designed to produce electricity B. a product whose distributor was involved in a legal case C. a successful advertisement of a beauty product D. an example of a quality beauty product ‎[解析]事实细节题。由第六段可知，Relaxacisor是一种有害于身体的医疗设备，并因此引发了一个案件。[答案]B ‎5. The author intends to ________.‎ A. make consumers aware of the promoters' false promises B. show the weakness of the law on product safety C. give advice on how to keep young and beautiful D. introduce the organization of FDA ‎[解析]推理判断题。综观全文，作者的目的是想让消费者意识到广告的虚假承诺。[答案]A。‎ ‎[八]‎ I know what you're thinking: pizza (比萨饼)? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night's leftovers in the a. m. if you want to.‎ I know lots of women who skip breakfast(不吃早餐), and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it. Some say they don't have time, others think they're saving calories (卡路里) , still others just don't like breakfast food.‎ But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you're trying to lose weight. "Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all，" says Katherine Brooking, R. D. , who developed the super-easy eating plan for this year's "SELF CHALLENGE". And even pizza can be healthy if it's loaded with vegetables，and you stick to one small piece.‎ Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southern California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal.‎ So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether，and have just coffee or orange juice. I say，try heating up last night's ‎ leftovers-it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself，"You can always eat it tomorrow, "I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it...you may save yourself some pre-bed-time calories. And watch your body gain the fat-burning effects.‎ ‎[语篇解读]随着科技的进步、社会的发展，人们的生活节奏也越来越快。为了节省时间或者是为了保持苗条身材，很多人不吃早餐。然而这样做是绝对不科学的，尤其对于那些想要减肥的人是极其不利的。‎ ‎1. The word" leftovers" in Paragraph 1 probably means________.‎ A. food remaining after a meal B. things left undone C. meals made of vegetables D. pizza topped with fruit ‎[解析]猜测词义题。从第一段last night可以猜测出leftovers的含义为"剩饭"。[答案]A ‎2. What can we infer from the text?‎ A. Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry.‎ B. Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast.‎ C. There are some easy ways of cooking a meal.‎ D. Eating vegetables helps save energy.‎ ‎[解析]推理判断题。第二段告诉我们很多人有种种借口不吃早餐，第三段开始"but"一词告诉我们这样做是不对的。[答案]B ‎3. According to the last paragraph，it is important to________.‎ A. eat something for breakfast B. be careful about what you eat C. heat up food before eating it D. eat calorie-controlled food ‎[解析]事实细节题。最后一段第一句告诉我们：早餐吃什么都可以，但要吃。[答案]A ‎4．The text is written mainly for those________.‎ A. who go to work early B. who want to lose weight C. who stay up late D. who eat before sleep ‎[解析]主旨大意题。第三段第一句以及第四段第一句都提示我们：本文主要写给那些想减肥的人。[答案]B ‎[九]‎ All too often, a choice that seems sustainable (可持续的)turns out on closer examination to be problematic. Probably the best example is the rush to produce ethanol(乙醇) for fuel from corn. Corn is a renewable resource-you can harvest it and grow more, almost limitlessly. So replacing gas with corn ethanol seems like a great idea.‎ One might get a bit more energy out of the ethanol than that used to make it, which could still make ethanol more sustainable than gas generally, but that's not the end of the problem. Using corn to make ethanol means less corn is left to feed animals and people，which drives up the cost of food. That result leads to turning the fallow land - including, in some cases, rain forest in places such as Brazil - into farmland, which in turn gives off lots of carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) into the air. Finally, over many years, the energy benefit from burning ethanol would ‎ make up for the forest loss. But by then, climate change would have progressed so far that it might not help.‎ You cannot really declare any practice" sustainable" until you have done a complete life-cycle analysis of its environmental(环境的) costs. Even then，technology and public policy keep developing，and that development can lead to unforeseen and undesired results. The admirable goal of living sustainably requires plenty of thought on an ongoing basis.‎ ‎[语篇解读]文章通过用玉米转化成乙醇为例子来讨论可持续燃料的问题，来说明一些做法还缺少实际发展利用的基础。‎ ‎1. What might directly cause the loss of the forest according to the text ?‎ A. The growing demand for energy to make ethanol.‎ B. The increasing carbon dioxide in the air.‎ C. The greater need for farmland. D. The big change in weather.‎ ‎[解析]事实细节题。从第二段"...including，in some cases，rain forest in places such as Brazil-into farmland."可知这些雨林要被变成农田，故选择C。[答案]C ‎2. The underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refers to"________"．‎ A. the energy benefit B. the forest loss C. climate change D. burning ethanol ‎[解析]猜测词义题。从第二段"...the energy benefit from burning ethanol would make up for the forest loss."可知，上文中的the energy benefit就是下文it所指代的内容，故选择A。[答案]A ‎3. The author thinks that replacing gas with corn ethanol is________.‎ A. impractical B. acceptable C. admirable D. useless ‎[解析]推理判断题。impractical不切实际的；acceptable可以接受的；admirable受尊敬的；useless无用的。从文中最后一句"The admirable goal of living sustainable requires plenty of thought on an ongoing basis."可知，开发这种可持续性燃料还是不太实际，故选择A。[答案]A ‎4. What does the author mainly discuss in the text?‎ A. Technology. B. Sustainability.‎ C. Ethanol energy. D. Environmental protection.‎ ‎[解析]主旨大意题。technology技术；sustainability可持续性；ethanol energy乙醇能源；environmental protection环境保护。从文中论述可知作者将乙醇作为例子，以此来谈论可持续问题，故选择B。‎ ‎[十]‎ Andrew Ritchie, inventor of the Brompton folding bicycle, once said that the perfect portable bike would be" like a magic carpet...You could fold it up and put it into your pocket or handbag". Then he paused：" But you'll always be limited by the size of the wheels. And so far no one has invented a folding wheel."‎ It was a rare-indeed unique-occasion when I was able to put Ritchie right. A 19th-century inventor，William Henry James Grout，did in fact design a folding wheel. His bike, predictably named the Grout Portable, had a frame that split into two and a larger wheel that could be separated into four pieces. All the bits fitted into Grout's Wonderful Bag，a leather case.‎ Grout's aim: to solve the problems of carrying a bike on a train.Now doesn't that sound familiar? Grout intended to find a way of making a bike small enough for train travel: his bike was a huge beast. And importantly, the design of early bicycles gave him an advantage：in Grout's day ，tyres were solid，which made the business of splitting a wheel into four separate parts relatively simple. You couldn't do the same with a wheel fitted with a one-piece inflated(充气的) tyre.‎ So，in a 21st-century context, is the idea of the folding wheel dead? It is not. A British design engineer, Duncan Fitzsimons, has developed a wheel that can be squashed into something like a slender ellipse(椭圆). Throughout，the tyre remains inflated.‎ Will the young Fitzsimons's folding wheel make it into production? I haven't the foggiest idea. But his inventiveness shows two things. First, people have been saying for more than a century that bike design has reached its limit, except for gradual advances. It's as silly a concept now as it was 100-years-ago：there's plenty still to go for. Second, it is in the field of folding bikes that we are seeing the most interesting inventions. You can buy a folding bike for less than ￡1,000 that can be knocked down so small that it can be carried on a plane - minus wheels, of course-as hand baggage.‎ Folding wheels would make all manner of things possible. Have we yet got the magic carpet of Andrew Ritchie's imagination? No. But it's progress.‎ ‎[语篇解读]一位发明家想要发明折叠自行车的话，最大的困难是如何折叠轮子。其实19世纪的一位发明家在当年已经做到了，令人欣喜的是现在又有人想出了折叠轮子的办法。我们都在期待着。‎ ‎1. We can infer from Paragraph 1 that thc Brompton folding bike________.‎ A. was portable B. had a folding wheel C. could be put in a pocket D. looked like a magic carpet ‎[解析]推理判断题。这种自行车的特点是便于携带，而不是呈地毯状或为的是能放进口袋，故不能选C或D。[答案]A ‎2. We can learn from the text that the wheels of the Grout Portable________.‎ A. were difficult to separate B. could be split into 6 pieces C. were fitted with solid tyres D. were hard to carry on a train ‎[解析]推理判断题。从文章第三段"And importantly...in Grout's day，tyres were solid..."可得知答案。他的折叠方法只适合当时的固体轮胎。[答案]C ‎3. We can learn from the text that Fitzsimons's invention________.‎ A. kept the tyre as a whole piece B. was made into production soon C. left little room for improvement D. changed our views on bag design ‎[解析]推理判断题。从文章第四段"squashed into...like a slender ellipse"可得知答案。[答案]A ‎4. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?‎ A. Three folding bike inventors B. The making of a folding bike C. Progress in folding bike design D. Ways of separating a bike wheel ‎[解析]主旨大意题。全文讲述了不同时期的三位发明家对折叠自行车的探索。故选C。[答案]C