人教初二英语过去式讲解以及练习 11页

一般过去时 ‎【基础知识回顾】‎ 一、句子： ‎ ‎　　1、What did you do over the weekend? ‎ ‎　　2、On Saturday morning I cleaned my room. ‎ ‎　　3、How was your weekend? ‎ ‎　　4、It was great. ‎ 二、语法：‎ 一般过去时 意义：一般过去时表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。 ‎ 构成形式：主语＋动词be/情态动词/助动词/实义动词的过去式 ‎ 要掌握一般过去时，首先要掌握动词过去式的变化规则： ‎ ‎1、动词be的变化：‎ ‎　　 ‎ ‎2、助动词do的变化：do→did (注：在过去时里助动词do没有人称和数的变化) ‎ ‎3、实义动词的变化： 实义动词分规则变化和不规则变化。 ‎ ‎　规则动词过去式的构成：‎ ①一般在动词末尾加—ed。 ‎ ‎【举例】walk→walked play→played ②以不发音e结尾的动词末尾只加—d 。‎ ‎【举例】love→loved decide→decided ③结尾是“辅音字母＋y ”的动词。先将y 变为i，再加—ed 。‎ ‎【举例】study→studied carry→carried ④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音字母，再加—ed 。 ‎ ‎【举例】stop→stopped plan→planned ‎　　不规则变化在本单元中出现的不规则动词有以下几个： ‎ ‎　　　do—did 　　　go—went 　　　read—read　　　　　see—saw ‎ ‎　　　get—got　　　sit—sat 　　　　have/has—had 　　　am/is—was ‎ ‎4、一般过去时的几种基本句型 ⑴ 肯定句“主语＋动词过去式＋其他”或者“主语＋was／were＋其他”。‎ 例：I played tennis last weekend. 我上周末打网球了。‎ My school trip was great. 我的学校郊游棒极了。‎ ⑵ 否定句在主语后面加“didn’t”或“wasn’t／weren’t”。‎ 例：The girl didn’t play computer games yesterday afternoon. 这个女孩昨天下午没玩电子游戏。‎ Old Henry wasn’t happy last Friday. 上星期五老亨利不高兴。‎ ⑶ 一般疑问句“在句首加was、were、did”，句子中的其他过去式的词改为原型。‎ 肯定回答为“Yes，主语＋did”，‎ 否定回答为“No，主语＋didn’t”‎ 肯定回答为“Yes，主语＋was／were”，‎ 否定回答为“No，主语＋wasn’t／weren’t”。‎ 例：— Did you go to the beach? 你们去海滩了吗？‎ ‎— Yes, we did.／No, we didn’t. 是的，我们去了。／不，我们没有。‎ ‎— Was your weekend OK? 你的周末过得还行吧？‎ ‎— Yes, it was.／No, it wasn’t. 是的，还行。／不，不行。‎ ‎【即时训练】‎ ‎1、_____ you _____ soccer over the weekend? ‎ A. Did, played B. Do, played C. Did, play D. Did, plaid ‎ ‎2、d you clean the room? ___________ ‎ ‎ A. Yes, I do B. No, I did C. Yes, I don’t D .No, I didn’t ⑷ 特殊疑问句：b.特殊疑问词+ did + 动词原形+ 主语+其他？‎ 例：What did Li Lei do last weekend? 李雷上周末干什么了？‎ Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪儿？‎ a.特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语+ 其他？‎ 上个周末你过得怎么样？‎ ‎ _______ _______ your last weekend? ‎ 昨天他做了什么事情？‎ ‎ _____ ____ he do yesterday? ‎ ‎【即时训练】：对下列句子中的划线部分提问。‎ ‎1. I got up at nine yesterday morning. ‎ ‎ _____ ______ you get up yesterday morning?‎ ‎2. We did our homework last night. ‎ ‎ ______ ______ you _______ last night?‎ ‎3. They were in the supermarket last Sunday.‎ ‎ ______ _______ they last Sunday? ‎ ‎4. My last weekend was kind of boring. ‎ ‎ ______ _____ your last weekend?‎ ‎（二）重点句型 ‎ ‎1、What did you do over the weekend？/last week? 你在周末/上周做了些什么？ ‎ What did she do over the weekend? 她周末干了些什么？ ‎ ‎　 What did they do over the weekend? 他们/她们周末干了些什么？ ‎ 在过去时中助动词没有人称和数的变化。‎ ‎2、On Saturday morning, I played tennis. 在星期六上午我打了网球。 ‎ ‎　（1）介词on用来表示时间时表示特指。 ‎ ‎　　　　e.g. on a cold morning 在一个寒冷的早晨 ‎ in the morning在早上 ‎　　　　　　on Sunday 在星期天 ‎ ‎　（3）play 玩，打，演奏 ‎ ‎　　　当要表示演奏某种乐器时，要与定冠词the连用。 ‎ ‎　　　e.g. play the piano, play the violin… ‎ ‎　　　当它与表示球类运动的名词连用时，不用定冠词。 ‎ ‎　　　e.g. play football, play baseball… ‎ ‎　　　　　play with sb. 与……一起玩耍 ‎ ‎　　　　　play with sth. 玩……（东西） ‎ ‎3、How was your weekend? 你的周末过得怎样？ ‎ ‎　 “How＋一般疑问句”用来询问“某物或某事怎么样？” ‎ ‎　 e.g. How is your sister/study? 你的妹妹/学习怎么样？ ‎ ‎4、It was great! 好极了！/ 太棒了！ ‎ ‎　 例似的句子有 It was OK. ‎ ‎5、 “How about …?”“What about…?” 怎么样？这个句型是用来询问消息、提供建议或征询意见的。‎ 因为about是介词，动词，动词要加上-ing。 ‎ ‎　 　e.g. How about this film? It's interesting. 这部影片如何？很有趣。 ‎ ‎　　　　How about playing football? Good idea! 去踢足球如何？好主意！ ‎ 三、重点单词词组与短语 ‎ ‎1、visit my uncle 拜访我叔叔 ‎ ‎　 visit 参观（某地），拜访（某人） ‎ ‎　 e.g. I visited the factory over the weekend. 在周末我去参观了这家工厂。 ‎ ‎2、go shopping 去购物 ‎ ‎　 go＋v-ing 通常用来表示去进行某项活动。 ‎ ‎　 e.g. go fishing 钓鱼　　　　　go swimming 去游泳 ‎ ‎　 go boating 去划船 　　　　　　go skating 去滑冰 ‎ ‎3、a little difficult 有一点难 ‎ ‎　 a little在这里用作状语，表示程度“有一点，稍微”。 ‎ ‎　 e.g. I'm a little cold/hungry 我有点冷/饿。 ‎ ‎4、have a party 举行一次聚会/晚会 ‎ ‎　 have的用法有许多，除了作“有”讲外，它与不同的词搭配意义就不同： ‎ ‎　 e.g. have breakfast 吃早餐　　　　have some water 喝点水 ‎ ‎　　　　have a look 看一看 　　　　　have a match 举行比赛 ‎ ‎　 在学习的过程中你会遇到have的更多用法，要用心去记忆。 ‎ ‎5、do some reading 读书，看些书 ‎ ‎　 这是一个常用词组，你可以通过更换do后面的词，来表达不同的意思： ‎ ‎　 e.g. do some writing 写点东西 　　　　do some washing 洗点衣服 ‎ ‎　　　　do some cleaning 打扫卫生　　　　do some shopping 买点东西 ‎ ‎6、watch vt. 观看，看 ‎ ‎　 e.g. watch TV / a film 看电视，看电影 ‎ ‎　　　　watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做某事 ‎ ‎　 e.g. He likes watching children play. 他喜欢看孩子们玩耍。 ‎ ‎7、spend 花费，度过 ‎ ‎　 （1）spend money on sth 花钱买某物（在……上花钱） ‎ ‎　　　　e.g. I spent 5 yuan on the book. 我花了5元钱买这本书。 ‎ ‎　 （2）spend ‎ ‎　　　　e.g. I spend two hours (in) doing my homework every day. ‎ ‎　 　　　　　我每天花两个小时做作业。 ‎ ‎　 （3）度过 ‎ ‎　　　　e.g. Where did you spend your weekend? 你在哪里度的周末？‎ ‎ 8、have a party举行一个聚会，此处的have 意为举行，进行,召开。‎ 如：have a meeting 开会 have a swim 游泳 ‎9、It was time to have lunch。该吃午饭了。= It was time for lunch。该吃午饭了。‎ ‎ It is time to do sth =It is time for sth 是一个非常重要的句型结构，意为该做某事，或是做某事的时候了。‎ ‎ It is time to read English 该读英语了。‎ ‎ It was time to go to the movie.去看电影的时间到了。‎ 四、文化背景，交际策略 ‎ 1、英美人士周末喜爱去乡村度假，或去野营（camping）等等，周一便能精神饱满地重新开始工作。‎ ‎ 而周一同学、同事好友再见面时，往往会询问对方周末过得如何，怎样过的。这是很常见的一个话题询问或应答时常运用以下句型： ‎ ‎—How was your weekend? 你周末过得如何？‎ ‎—It was very great! 太棒了。‎ 或—It wasn’t very good. 不是太好！‎ 亦可问：‎ ‎ What did you do over the weekend? 你在周末期间做了些什么？‎ ‎ I did my homework. 我做了作业。‎ ‎【过手训练】‎ 五、单项选择 ‎( )1、—How your weekend?‎ ‎ —It great . But I tired (累)now ‎ A. was, was, am B. is , was, was C. is, is , am D. is, is , was ‎( )2、—What did you do?‎ ‎ —I .‎ ‎ A. play tennis B. played tennis C. study science D. studyed science ‎( )3、I think everyone their weekends. ‎ ‎ A. enjoy B. enjoys C. like D. liking ‎( )4、It is time to school.‎ ‎ A. to go B. go C. goes D. went ‎( )5、Please don’t your pencil in class.‎ ‎ A. play B. played C. played with D. play with ‎( )6、—What is your father?‎ ‎ —He’s a teacher. your father?‎ ‎ —He’s a doctor.‎ ‎ A. How is B.Where is C. What about D. What ‎( )7、Old Henry watched Wang Wang near his house.‎ ‎ A. walked B.walks C. walking D. walk ‎( )8、Last month I a new song.‎ ‎ A. write B. writes C. wrote D. to write ‎ ‎( ) 9、— Where you last Monday?‎ ‎ —I went to the library.‎ ‎ A. do go B.did go C.does go D. did went ‎( )10、Did you eat in the morning?‎ ‎ —No, I didn’t eat .‎ ‎ A. something anything B. anything anything ‎ ‎ C. something something D.anything something 六、完形填空 ‎ Last month, Mr, and Mrs. Brown 1 to a big city for a day rest(休息). They 2 to go to the movies and have lunch 3 . Mrs Brown 4 happy (高兴)because she didn’t like to 5 at home every day. After an action movie it was 12 6 . They wanted 7 something. They saw a restaurant. And there 8 a notice (告示)“Nice 9 for you , from 12:30 to2:30, $1.50.”‎ ‎“Wow! I like it .”Mrs Brown said.“I can eat for two hours(小时) for only 10 money.”‎ ‎( ) 1. A went B. go C. goes D. to go ‎( )2. A. want B. wanted C. wants D.needed ‎( )3. A. here B. there C. home D. where ‎( )4. A. are B. is C. was D. were ‎( )5. A. cooked B. cooks C. cook D. to cook ‎( )6. A. day B. hours C. minute D. o’clock ‎( )7. A. eat B. to eat C. played D. to play ‎( )8. A. am B. was C. is D. were ‎( )9. A. lunch B. breakfast C. supper D. apples ‎( )10. A. little B. a little C. many D.a 七. 升级训练----选择填空 ‎( )1.The talk show ________ really great. ‎ A. are B. is C. were D. am ‎( )2.Tina ________ her grandmother three days ago. ‎ A. visits B. is visiting C. visited D. visit ‎( )3._______ you _____ soccer over the weekend? ‎ A. Did, played B. Do, played C. Did, play D. Did, plaid ‎ ‎( )4.He saw __________ on TV. ‎ A. something terrible B. terrible something C. somethings terrible D. terrible some thing ‎( )5.I did my homework .It was _________ difficult.‎ A. few B. a few C. little D. a little ‎( )6. I studied __________ the math test. ‎ A. on, B. at C. for D. in ‎( )7.He enjoys ___________ very much. ‎ A. play the football B. playing football C. playing the football D. to play football ‎( )8.-_______ you work hard _________? -Yes, I did.‎ A. Do , all day B. Did , all day C. Do , all day D. Did , all the day ‎( )9.When he_______ young there _________ not so much food for him.‎ A. is, is B. was, is C. is , was D. was, was ‎( )10.She likes playing _______ basketball. He likes playing ________ guitar.‎ A. the, the B. a , a C. /, the D. the, /‎ ‎( )11.He ________ his homework, he ________ to the library.‎ A. didn’t do, went B. didn’t did, goes C. didn’t do, go D. did not , went ‎( )12.I played soccer ________ my friends ________ Sunday afternoon.‎ A. with, in B. with, on C. and, on D. and , at ‎( )13.It was time for Old Henry __________.‎ A. go home B. went home C. to go home D. to go to home ‎( )14.He stayed at home, _________ he?‎ A. did B. does C. doesn’t D. didn’t ‎( )15.For you , it’s useful to do more _________.‎ A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading ‎( .) 16.Did you clean the room? ___________ ‎ ‎ A. Yes, I do B. No, I did C. Yes, I don’t D .No, I didn’t ‎( )17.When ________ your brother born? ‎ ‎ A. was B. is C. were D. are ‎ ‎( )18.Is that ________ interesting novel ? Yes, but it is _________ difficult.‎ A. an, a little B. a, a bit C. a, little D. an, a few ‎( )19._________ your sister ________ the vacation?‎ A. How do, spend B. How did, spend C. What do, spent D. How does, spent ‎( )20. His father ______in Beijing now. Last year he _______ in Dalian. ‎ A. worked , working B. works , working C. is working, worked D. is working ,works ‎ 二补全对话 ‎ ‎ (A)‎ A: What _____1______ you do last night? You _____2_______ so tired. ‎ B: I ______3______ to sleep very late last night.‎ A: _____4_____ you out somewhere ? ‎ B :No, I _____5________.‎ A: Did you do all your homework? ‎ B: No, I ______6_______.‎ A: I just want ____7______ tell you we are not going to have the test today. ‎ B; Oh, no! I _____8______ for it all last night.‎ ‎(B)‎ A: Hi, Ann! How _____9_____ your weekend? ‎ B: It was _____10_____.‎ A: Oh, really? What ___11______ you do over the weekend? ‎ B: I _____12______ a good rest and ____13________ some beautiful cities.‎ A: Where did you ____14_______? ‎ B: I _____15______ to Wuxi and Suzhou.‎ A: That sounds exciting! ‎ B: _____16____ __17_______ you? Did you have a nice weekend?‎ A: No, I ___18_________. I stayed at home and did my homework.‎ 三． 句型转换（20分）‎ ‎1.I played the guitar over the weekend.(对画线提问) ‎ What ___________ you ___________ over the weekend?‎ ‎2.Every week he goes to the library.(用last week 改写) ‎ ‎__________ week he ___________ to the library.‎ ‎3.Jim’s weekend was very great.(对环线提问) ‎ ‎__________ __________ Jim’s weekend?‎ ‎4.I had a busy holiday. (变否定句) ‎ I ________ __________ a busy holiday.‎ ‎5.Tina saw an interesting talk show last night.(变一般疑问句) ‎ ‎__________ Tina__________ an interesting talk show last night? ‎ ‎6.He did his homework after school yesterday. ( 变否定句) ‎ He _________ ________ his homework after school yesterday.‎ ‎7.My sister often reads books on Sundays.(同义句) ‎ My sister often __________ some __________ on Sundays.‎ ‎8.Did you play football yesterday? (给出肯定/否定答语) ‎ Yes, I ____________./No, I ____________.‎ ‎9.She cleaned the room last weekend.(变一般疑问句) ‎ ‎ __________ she _________ the room last weekend?‎ ‎10.They went to the beach last weekend ? (对画线提问) ‎ ‎ ___________ ___________ ___________ ________ last weekend?‎ 四.完成句子（12分） ‎ ‎1.在假期期间你做了什么? ‎ ‎ What _________ you do ___________ vacation?‎ ‎2.他们周六晚上开了个晚会. ‎ They _________ a party ____________ Saturday evening.‎ ‎3.你的周末过得怎么样? 　 　‎ ‎_____________ ___________ your weekend?‎ ‎4.昨晚我没有看电视．　　　 ‎ ‎　I _________ ___________ TV last night.‎ ‎5.我们每天练习说英语． ‎ We ____________ __________ English every day.‎ ‎6.在星期六上午．我打网球并打扫房间．‎ ‎__________Saturday morning , I _________tennis and cleaned my room.‎ 动词过去式、过去分词的变化 ‎（一）、规则动词： ‎ ‎1、一般动词在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 ‎ ‎ work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited ‎ ‎2、以“ e ”结尾的动词只在词尾加“ d ”。 ‎ ‎ live---lived---lived ,love----loveed----loved ‎ ‎3、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词将 "y" 变为 "i" 再加“ ed ”。 ‎ study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried ‎ ‎4、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。‎ stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped ‎ ‎（二）、不规则变化 ‎1、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共9个） ‎ cost—cost—cost cut—cut—cut hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt let—let—let put—put—put read—read—read set—set—set shut—shut—shut ‎ ‎2、A—B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。（共41个） ‎ ‎（1）．过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。（3个） ‎ bring—brought—brought buy— bought—bought think—thought— thought ‎ ‎（2）．词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个） ‎ build—built—built lend—lent— lent send—sent—sent spend—spent— spent ‎ ‎（3）．过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。（2个） ‎ catch—caught—caught teach—taught—taught ‎ ‎（4）．把-eep变为-ept。（3个） ‎ keep—kept—kept sleep—slept—slept sweep— swept—swept ‎ ‎（5）把-ell变为-old。（2个） ‎ tell—told—told sell—sold—sold ‎ ‎（6）．过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。（4个） ‎ smell—smelt—smelt spell—spelt—spelt feel—felt— felt spill—spilt—spilt ‎ ‎（7）．过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（3个） ‎ learn—learnt—learnt mean—meant—meant spoil—spoilt—spoilt ‎ ‎（8）．过去式、过去分词词尾是d。（4个） ‎ say—said—said pay—paid—paid lay—laid—laid hear—heard—heard ‎ ‎（9）．改变元音字母。（11个） ‎ meet—met—met get—got—got sit—sat—sat find— found—found hold—held—held spit—spat—spat shine— shone—shone win—won—won hang—hung—hung dig— dug—dug lose—lost—lost ‎ ‎（10）．改变辅音字母。（1个） ‎ make—made—made ‎ ‎（11）改变元、辅音字母。（4个） ‎ leave—left—left stand—stood—stood have（has）— had—had understand—understood—understood ‎ ‎3、A—B—C型，即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。（共35个） ‎ ‎（1）．i—a—u变化。（6个） ‎ begin—began—begun drink—drank—drunk sing—sang—sung ring—rang—rung swim—swam—swum sink— sank—sunk ‎ ‎（2）．词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。（5个） ‎ blow—blew—blown draw—drew—drawn grow— grew—grown know—knew—known throw—threw—thrown（show除外） ‎ ‎（3）．drive—drove—driven write—wrote—written ride— rode—ridden rise—rose—risen ‎ ‎(4)过去分词在过去式后加（e）n。（5个） ‎ break—broke—broken choose—chose—chosen freeze—froze—frozen speak—spoke—spoken wake—woke— woken ‎ ‎(5)过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。（1个） ‎ forget—forgot—forgotten ‎ ‎(6)过去分词由原形加（e）n构成。（6个） ‎ be—was（were）—been eat—ate—eaten fall—fell—fallen give—gave—given see—saw—seen hide—hid—hidden（hid） ‎ ‎(7)词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（2个） ‎ take—took—taken mistake—mistook—mistaken ‎ ‎(8)原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。（6个） ‎ do—did—done fly—flew—flown go—went—gone lie—lay—lain show—showed—shown wear—wore—worn ‎ ‎4、A—A—B型，即过去式和原形相同。（1个） ‎ beat—beat—beaten ‎ ‎5、A—B—A型，即过去分词和原形相同。（3个） ‎ come—came—come become—became—become run— ran—run ‎ ‎6、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。（4个） ‎ can—could may—might will—would shall—should ‎