2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists单元学案（41页word解析版） 40页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Great scientists单元学案 一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇 Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)‎ ‎[第一屏听写]‎ ‎1．characteristic n．　　　　 特征；特性 ‎2．radium n. 镭 ‎3．analyse vt. 分析 ‎4．physician n. 医生；内科医师 ‎5．outbreak n. 爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)‎ ‎6．victim n. 受害者 ‎7．enquiry n. 询问　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第二屏听写]‎ ‎8．neighbourhood n．　 　　 附近；邻近 ‎9．pump n. 泵；抽水机 vt. (用泵)抽(水)‎ ‎10．firework n. 烟火(燃放)‎ ‎11．chart n. 图表 ‎12．backward adv.& adj. 向后地(的)；相反地(的)；‎ ‎ 退步地(的)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)‎ ‎[第三屏听写]‎ ‎1．painter n．　　 　　　　 画家；油漆匠 ‎2．scientific adj. 科学的 ‎3．conclude vt.& vi. 结束；推断出 ‎4．conclusion n. 结论；结束 ‎5．defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫 n. 失败 ‎6．expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的 n. 专家；行家　　　　　　　 　 ‎ ‎[第四屏听写]‎ ‎7．attend vt.　　　 　　　 照顾；护理；出席；参加 ‎8．expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光 ‎9．cure n. 治愈；痊愈 vt. 治愈；治疗 ‎10．challenge n. 挑战 vt. 向……挑战 ‎11．absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第五屏听写]‎ ‎12．suspect vt.　　　 　　 认为；怀疑 n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 ‎13．severe adj. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 ‎14．foresee vt. 预见；预知 ‎15．blame vt. 责备；谴责 n. 过失；责备 ‎16．pollute vt. 污染；弄脏　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第六屏听写]‎ ‎17．handle n．　　　 　　　 柄；把手 vt. 处理；操纵 ‎18．link vt.& n. 连接；联系 ‎19．announce vt. 宣布；通告 ‎20．instruct vt. 命令；指示；教导 ‎21．construct vt. 建设；修建 ‎22．construction n. 建设；建筑物 ‎23．contribute vt.& vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第七屏听写]‎ ‎24．positive adj.　　　　　 积极的；肯定的；确实的 ‎25．movement n. 移动；运动；动作 ‎26．spin vi.& vt. (使)旋转；纺(线或纱)‎ ‎27．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 ‎28．cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的 ‎29．reject vt. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃 ‎30．universe n. 宇宙；世界　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第八屏听写]‎ ‎31．put_forward　　 　 　　 提出 ‎32．draw_a_conclusion 得出结论 ‎33．expose_...to 使显露；暴露 ‎34．link_...to_... 将……和……联系或连接起来 ‎35．apart_from 除……之外；此外 ‎36．(be)_strict_with_... 对……严格的 ‎37．make_sense 讲得通；有意义　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ 二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾 ‎(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高 识 记 单 词 写 对 Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉)‎ ‎1.characteristic n．特征；特性 ‎2.radium n. 镭 ‎3.neighbourhood n. 附近；邻近 ‎4.pump n. 泵；抽水机 vt. (用泵)抽(水)‎ ‎5.firework n. 烟火(燃放)‎ ‎6.chart n. 图表 ‎ 7.backward adv.& adj. 向后地(的)；相反地(的)；‎ ‎ 退步地(的)‎ Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)‎ ‎1.painter n. 画家；油漆匠 ‎2.scientific adj. 科学的 ‎3.expert adj. 熟练的；经验或 ‎ 知识丰富的 n. 专家；行家 ‎4.severe adj.　严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 ‎5.foresee vt. 预见；预知 ‎6.pollute vt. 污染；弄脏 ‎7.movement n. 移动；运动；动作 ‎8.spin vi.& vt. (使)旋转；纺(线或纱)‎ ‎9.universe n. 宇宙；世界 ‎10.enthusiastic adj.‎ ‎ 热情的；热心的 核 心 单 词 练 通 ‎1.Children, when exposed (暴露) to an Englishspeaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.‎ ‎2.When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, absorbed (使专心) in conversation.‎ ‎3.Blamed (责备) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.‎ ‎4.The army was welltrained and wellarmed, and had little difficulty defeating (打败) the enemy.‎ ‎5.He is good at handling(操作) the huge calculating machine.‎ ‎6.He finished the work in a positive (积极的) way.‎ ‎7.He was so ill that two nurses were attending(照顾) on him.　‎ ‎8.Researchers find cures (治疗方法) for certain diseases often by using the forests' plant and animal life.‎ ‎9.Suspecting (怀疑) the traveler of carrying drugs, the Customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase.‎ ‎10.When linked (连接) to the subway, the city will be easy to get access to.‎ 拓展单词用活 ‎[记全记牢]‎ ‎1.conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束 ‎2.challenge n．挑战vt.向……挑战→challenging adj.具有挑战性的 ‎3.announce vt ‎[用准用活]‎ ‎1.It was concluded that he didn't tell us the truth.I came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)‎ ‎2.The writer personally contributed ￡5,000 to the earthquake fund last week and all his contributions were gratefully ‎.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音员；广播员 ‎4.instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．指导；指示；用法说明→instructive adj.指示性的；有教育意义的 ‎5.construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物 ‎6.contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．捐献；贡献 ‎7.cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的→caution n．小心；谨慎→cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地 ‎8.reject vt.拒绝；抛弃；不接受→rejection n ‎ received.(contribute)‎ ‎3.Mary announced to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy, whose announcement of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week.(announce)‎ ‎4.The great bridge under construction is designed by Chinese engineers and it will take about a year to construct the large bridge.(construct)‎ ‎5.I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge.Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very challenging.(challenge)‎ ‎6.In the class, our teacher often instructs us to improve our reading ability and his instruction makes a difference in our English learning.(instruct)‎ ‎．拒绝；抛弃 ‎⇩ ‎1.后缀sion构成的抽象名词集锦 ‎①conclusion　结论；结束 ‎②confusion 混乱 ‎③expression 词语；表达方式 ‎④revision 修正；复习 ‎⑤permission 允许 ‎⑥profession 职业；专业 ‎2.“观点；态度”的高频形容词 ‎①positive　　积极的 ‎②negative 消极的 ‎③subjective 主观的 ‎④objective 客观的 ‎⑤doubtful 怀疑的 ‎⑥critical 批评的 ‎3.“照看/照顾某人”的多种表达 ‎①attend to/on/upon sb.‎ ‎②care for sb.‎ ‎③take care of sb.‎ ‎④look after sb.‎ ‎⑤show consideration for sb.‎ ‎⑥see after sb.‎ ‎4.名词用作动词的高频词汇聚焦 ‎①handle n．把手→vt.处理 ‎②nurse n．护士→vt.护理 ‎③face n．脸→vt.面对 ‎④bridge n．桥→vt.沟通 ‎⑤drink n．饮料→vt.喝；饮 ‎(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高 先 写 对 再 用 准 第一组 ‎1.put_forward　 　 　　提出 ‎2.draw_a_conclusion ‎　　From some cases, we ①drew_a_conclusion that we should close the window and ‎ ‎ 得出结论 ‎3.expose_...to 使显露；暴露 ‎4.link_...to_... 将……和……联系或连接起来 ‎5.apart_from 除……之外；此外 lock the door in time. ②Apart_from it, we also ③put_forward several suggestions, one of which was that you should not ④expose this information to anyone when out.These suggestions would certainly cure us of the bad habits so that we could prevent such cases happening again.‎ 第二组 ‎1.be_enthusiastic_about 热衷于；对……充满热情 ‎2.make_sense 讲得通；有意义 ‎3.(be)_strict_with_... 对……严格的 ‎4.contribute_to 有助于；捐献；导致 ‎5.be_to_blame 应受责备 ‎6.look_into 调查 Dear Nicolaus Copernicus，‎ As an astronomer, I ①am_enthusiastic_about your new theory about the solar system.The following reason ②contributed_to my suggestion.The present theory doesn't ③make_sense,_for we cannot conclude it that the earth is the centre of the universe.So I sincerely hope you can publish your new theory.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎⇩ ‎1.“动词＋...＋to”短语荟萃 ‎①expose ...to　　　　　使显露；暴露 ‎②add ...to 增添；增加 ‎③compare ...to 把……比作 ‎④devote ...to 把……用于 ‎⑤supply ...to 为……提供 ‎2.由link ...to ...联想到的 ‎①connect ...with ...　　　把……和……连接起来 ‎②tie ...to ... 把……拴到……‎ ‎③mix ...with ... 把……和……混合起来 ‎④combine ...with ... 把……和……结合起来 ‎⑤attach ...to ... 把……系到/缚到……‎ ‎ (三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高 背 原 句 明 句 式 学 仿 写 ‎1.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.‎ 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。‎ neither ...nor ...连接两个并列的句子成分。‎ 这种现象既不是很好也不是很差；它就是现实中的大学生活，过去是这样，现在依然还是如此。(2015·北京高考)‎ This phenomenon is neither_good_nor_bad;_it is a fact of college life,‎ ‎ today and in the past.‎ ‎2.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.‎ 所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人死去。‎ every time作连词，引导时间状语从句。‎ 每次我去看她时，她都全神贯注于研究工作。‎ Every_time_I_went_to_see_her,_she was absorbed in her research work.‎ ‎3.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.‎ 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。‎ ‎“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时后面的主句需用部分倒装。‎ 不可否认，只有当我们用正确的方式处理并克服大量困难，我们才会实现我们的梦想。‎ There's no denying that only if we deal with and overcome large numbers of difficulties in a correct way, will_we_achieve_our_dreams.‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　At yesterday's conference, quite a few suggestions were put forward❶ on how to make more profits in the competitive world.Our manager stressed that it is being fully devoted to one's work that contributes to one's success❷， which I think makes sense in our daily life.To conclude, we are supposed ________ (spare)❸ no effort to realize our dream.‎ ‎1.用同义短语替换①：came_up。‎ ‎2.②句中画波浪线部分为强调句型。‎ ‎3.③处应填入动词的正确形式为 to_spare。‎ ‎1．contribute vt.& vi.捐款；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿 ‎(1)contribute sth.to ...　　　 把某物捐献给……‎ contribute to 有助于；捐献；导致；投稿 ‎(2)contribution n. 捐献；贡献 make a contribution/contributions to ‎ 对……做出贡献 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.(2017·江苏高考单选)‎ ‎②Your contribution (contribute) will certainly make the ‎ event a huge success.(2014·辽宁高考书面表达)‎ 单句改错 ‎③Besides，consulting our teachers can contribute to solve the problems.solve→solving ‎④Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make contribution to the class.contribution→contributions或make后加a 单句写作 ‎⑤如果你想往我们报纸投稿，请在最后期限前把文章寄给我。(2015·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)‎ If you want to contribute_to_our_newspaper,_please send me your article before the deadline.‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有：cause, lead to, result in, bring about等。‎ ‎2．conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出 ‎(1)conclude (从……中)推断出……‎ conclude sth. 以……结束……‎ to conclude 最后 ‎(2)come to/reach/draw a conclusion ‎ 得出结论 in conclusion 总而言之 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.‎ ‎②When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points.‎ ‎③To conclude, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting.(2015·浙江高考书面表达) ‎ 补全句子 ‎④In_conclusion,_walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.‎ 总而言之，散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣且易实施的锻炼方式。‎ 一句多译 我从我自己的经历中得出结论：“有志者，事竟成。”(2014·山东高考写作)‎ ‎⑤I have_concluded_from_my_own_experiences_that “Where there is a will, there is a way.”‎ ‎⑥I have_drawn_a_conclusion_from_my_own_experiences_that “Where there is a will, there is a way.”‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“总而言之”的其他表达还有：in short, in brief, in a word, all in all, to sum up, briefly (speaking), on the whole等。‎ ‎3．put forward ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中put forward的含义 ‎①We've put the date of their wedding forward by one ‎ week.将……提前 ‎②It was Stephen Hawking that put forward a theory about black holes.提出 ‎③You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes.拨快 ‎④Can I put you forward as our club secretary？提名；推荐 ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎❺put away　　 　　 把……收拾好；整理；储蓄 ‎❻put aside 把……放到一边；储存 ‎❼put up 搭建；张贴；为……提供住宿；举起 ‎❽put through 接通电话；完成 ‎❾put up with 容忍；忍受 ‎[应用领悟]‎ Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.‎ 鼓励孩子们储存一部分零花钱来购买圣诞礼物。‎ ‎4．make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通 ‎(1)make sense of　 理解；明白 make no sense 没意义 ‎(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说 in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装)‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 同义替换 ‎①See, your computer has broken down again! It isn't reasonable (＝doesn't_make_sense) to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.‎ 瞧，你的电脑又坏了！只是为了省一点钱买最便宜牌子的电脑没有意义。‎ ‎②We read it through, but could not understand (＝make_sense_of) it.‎ 我们从头到尾读了一遍，但不明白它说些什么。‎ 句型转换 ‎③You should lose heart in no sense; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.‎ ‎→In_no_sense_should_you_lose_heart;_keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.(倒装句)‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　Black was severely ill because of exposed to a deadly virus❶.After all the attempts to cure him ________❷ his disease, the experts announced that the virus was defeated but he needed attending for a week before❸ he was fully recovered.It was said that mosquitoes carrying the virus were to blame.‎ ‎1.改正①中的错误：在of后加being。‎ ‎2.在②处填入适当的介词：of。‎ ‎3.③处before意为：在……之前。‎ ‎5．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临 ‎(1)expose ...to ... 暴露……给……；使……接触……‎ expose oneself to ...‎ ‎ 使自己面临……；使自己暴露于……‎ ‎(2)be exposed to 遭受到；(使)接触到 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to playing (play) computer games.‎ ‎②Being_exposed (expose) to strong sunlight will do harm to your skin.‎ ‎③If exposed (expose) to the outside surroundings, they'll be stronger and better prepared for their future.‎ 句型转换 ‎④She has the courage to expose herself to the dangers.‎ ‎→She has the courage to be_exposed_to the dangers.‎ ‎[名师指津]　及物动词expose后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形式；在expose ...to ...以及be exposed to结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。‎ ‎6．cure n．治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗 a cure for ...　　　 针对……的治疗(法)‎ cure sb.of sth. 治愈某人的疾病/改掉某人的恶习等 ‎[题点全练]　介词填空 ‎①Professor Wang said the reason of shortsightedness is complicated and that there is still no excellent cure for it.‎ ‎②The fresh air and exercise cured him of his sleeplessness, which made him feel relief.‎ ‎[辨析比较]　cure, treat cure 强调结果，“治疗，治愈”，其后可直接加疾病或用于cure sb.of sth.结构 treat 强调过程，“治疗”，常用搭配：treat one's＋疾病或treat sb.for＋疾病 选用上述单词填空 ‎③The doctor treated her headache with the best medicine, but did not cure her of the disease.‎ ‎7．attend v．照顾；护理；出席；参加 ‎[练牢基点]　写出下列句中attend的含义 ‎①The patients are well attended in the hospital.照顾；护理 ‎②You know, my uncle Li Ming is going to the city where you live to attend an international meeting.出席；参加 ‎[系统考点]‎ attend a meeting/a lecture/school ‎　　　 　　　　 参加会议/听讲座/上学 attend (on/upon) sb. 照顾某人；伺候某人 attend to 处理；对付；接待(顾客)；专心；注意 ‎[练通重点]　补全句子 ‎③She was praised for having_attended_on/upon her sick motherinlaw for over thirty years.‎ 她伺候生病的婆婆三十多年，受到人们的称赞。‎ ‎④He offered to go and attend_to the matter.‎ 他主动提出来去处理那件事。‎ ‎8．blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于n.过失；责备 ‎(1)blame sb.for sth./doing sth. 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事 blame sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任；应(为……)受责备 ‎(2)put/lay the blame for sth.on ... 将某事归咎于……‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 对比填空(for/on)‎ ‎①She blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage.‎ ‎②She blamed the failure of their marriage on her husband.‎ ‎③She laid the blame for the failure of their marriage on her husband.‎ 补全句子 ‎④I am_not_to_blame_for my laziness, mum.I'm what you have made me.‎ 妈妈，你不该责备我懒惰。我这么懒也是你娇惯出来的。‎ ‎[名师指津]　be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　Li Ping's English teacher is very strict with her and he often encourages her to read some English articles every day, neither too long nor too short❶.And in this way, Li Ping has absorbed a lot from reading.Every time❷ Li Ping attends the English speech contest, he always instructs her patiently.With the help of her teacher, Li Ping has made rapid progress.When ________ (face)❸ with difficulties and challenges, she never gives up.‎ ‎1.把①中画波浪线部分翻译成汉语：长短适宜。‎ ‎2.②处连词Every time在句中引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎3.③处应填词的正确形式为 faced。‎ ‎9．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；理解 ‎(1)absorb ...from ...　　　　 从……中吸收……‎ absorb ...into ... 把……吸收入……‎ absorb oneself in ... 专心于；全神贯注于 ‎(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的 ‎(be) absorbed in ... 全神贯注于……‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture ‎ from the soil.‎ ‎②It takes a few minutes to absorb alcohol into the bloodstream.‎ ‎③Absorbed (absorb) in his work, he simply forgot to have supper and sleep.‎ 一句多译 一缕微弱的光线从墙上的小孔中透过来，他专心致志于读书中。(2015·福建高考书面表达)‎ ‎④A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he absorbed_himself_‎ in_his_reading.‎ ‎⑤A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was_absorbed_in_his_‎ reading.‎ ‎[联想发散]　be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in ...。类似的结构还有：‎ ‎①be lost in ...　　　　 陷入……；专心致志于……‎ ‎②be caught in ... 被困在……‎ ‎③be buried in ... 埋头于……‎ ‎④be devoted to ... 致力于……；专心于……‎ ‎⑤be occupied in ... 忙于……‎ ‎⑥be involved in ... 专注于……‎ ‎10．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导 ‎(1)instruct sb.to do sth.　　　 命令某人做某事 instruct sb.in (doing) sth. 指导某人(做)某事 ‎(2)instructive adj. 指示性的；有教育意义的 instruction n. 指导；指示；用法说明 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①With the teacher instructing (instruct) them, the students have made great progress in English.‎ ‎②You must read the instructions (instruct) before taking the medicine.‎ 一句多译 这些学生需要一位老师来指导他们绘画。‎ ‎③The students need a teacher to instruct_them_to_paint.‎ ‎④The students need a teacher to instruct_them_in_painting.‎ ‎11．challenge n．挑战vt.向……挑战 ‎(1)face the challenge　　　　　　 面临挑战 accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战 ‎(2)challenge sb.to sth. 向某人挑战某事 challenge sb.to do sth. 向某人挑战做某事 ‎(3)challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I want to challenge him to a game of basketball.‎ ‎②Teaching young children is a challenging (challenge) and rewarding job.‎ 单句改错 ‎③Though his arms hurt, Steven planned to challenge to ‎ himself, cycling the 250mile route alone.去掉第二个to ‎④Exploring outer space is challenge to mankind.is后加a 补全句子 ‎⑤Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries, are_facing_new_challenges_from the modern market.(2017·江苏高考单选)‎ 很多享有几百年盛誉的中国品牌，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。‎ ‎[名师指津]　challenge本身已含有“向……；对……”的意义，因而不要再加多余的to。‎ 向某人挑战 ‎12．neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”‎ Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.‎ 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。‎ ‎(1)neither ...nor ...连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。‎ ‎①Neither the teacher nor the students are (be) content with the result.‎ 这位老师和学生们都对这个结果不满意。‎ ‎②Neither my wife nor I myself was (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind and finally she joined in the game.‎ 我妻子和我本人都没能说服女儿改变主意，最终她参加了这个比赛。‎ ‎(2)遵循“就近一致原则”的其他并列连词：‎ either ...or ...　　　　　 不是……就是……‎ not only ...but also ... 不仅……而且……‎ not ...but ... 不是……而是……‎ ‎③Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes (take) great interest in the piano lessons now.‎ 现在不仅约翰和汤姆，而且他们的姐姐玛丽也对钢琴课非常感兴趣。‎ ‎④Either you or one of your students is (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.‎ 要么是你或者你的一名学生将要出席明天的会议。‎ ‎13．every time引导时间状语从句 So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak.‎ 所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人死去。‎ ①Something is learned every/each_time a book is opened.开卷有益。‎ ‎②The_first_time he came to the city, he decided to settle there.‎ 他第一次来到那个城市，他就决定在那里安家。‎ ‎③You are welcome to come back any_time you want to.‎ 你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎。‎ ‎[单元语基落实]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．We have discussed the problem many times, but still could ‎ come to no conclusion (conclude)．‎ ‎2．His son is very naughty and has formed some bad habits.I think he should cure him of them.‎ ‎3．Mark is a cautious (caution) shopper who always does some careful research on the market before he buys something valuable.‎ ‎4．It was_announced (announce) that our team took the first place.‎ ‎5．I tried to follow the instructions (instruct), but I got confused.‎ ‎6．They invited all their relatives to_attend (attend) their wedding.‎ ‎7．Mary was_rejected (reject) by the university she applied to last year.‎ ‎8．Apart from its low price, the advantage of this car lies in its good quality.‎ ‎9．Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it.‎ ‎10．We explained our plans and he was very enthusiastic (enthusiasm) about them.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．When I said I ran faster than her, she challenged to me to a race.去掉me前的to ‎2．He was very strict in himself when he was young.in→with ‎3．Please announce students that the holidays will begin ‎ next Monday.announce后加to ‎4．You ought to put your watch forward ten minutes.forward后加by ‎5．Neither he nor his parents has seen the film.has→have ‎6．I felt nervous for the first time I spoke in public.去掉for ‎7．When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely absorbing in the newspaper.absorbing→absorbed ‎8．She suspected him with telling lies and never trusted him again.with→of ‎9．People might be cautious on believing this statement.on→about ‎10．The bridge under the construction will be open to public next year.去掉under后的the Ⅲ.根据提示词和相关要求补全句子 ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)我确信它会吸引你，因为你一直热衷于体育运动。(enthusiastic)‎ I'm sure it will appeal to you, for_you've_been_enthusiastic_about_sports.‎ ‎2．(2014·湖北高考短文写作)把小事做好有助于增强我们的自信心并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。(contribute)‎ Doing small things well contributes_to_building_up_our_confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future.‎ ‎3．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ 书面表达)我是一名中国学生，我打算在假期去英国参加一个暑期学习班。(attend)‎ I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to_attend_a_summer_school during the vacation.‎ ‎4．每当看到这张老照片，我就会想起我中学时的同桌。(every time)‎ Every_time_I_see_the_old_photo,_I will think of my deskmate in middle school.‎ ‎5．(2015·重庆高考写作)只有用这种方法我们才能为我们的家庭和社会做出贡献。(部分倒装)‎ Only in this way can_we_make_a_great_contribution/great_contributions_to our family and our society.‎ Ⅳ.一句多译 ‎1．如果年轻人每天都处于嘈杂的音乐的影响中，他们很可能有变聋的危险。‎ ‎①Young people may risk going deaf if they are_exposed_to_very_noisy_music every day.(expose)‎ ‎②If exposed_to_very_noisy_music every day, young people may risk going deaf.(省略句)‎ ‎③Being_exposed_to_very_noisy_music every day makes it possible for young people to risk going deaf.(动名词作主语)‎ ‎2．汤姆专心于工作，忘记了通知她这件事。‎ ‎①Tom was so absorbed_in_his_work that he forgot to inform her of it.(absorb)‎ ‎②So_absorbed_was_Tom_in_his_work that he forgot to ‎ inform her of it.(so ...that ...的倒装句)‎ ‎③Absorbed_in_his_work,_Tom forgot to inform her of it.(过去分词短语作状语)‎ ‎3．他把考试失败归咎于老师。‎ ‎①He_blamed_the_failure_of_his_exam_on_the_teacher.(blame ...on)‎ ‎②He_blamed_the_teacher_for_the_failure_of_his_exam.(blame ...for)‎ ‎③He_put/laid_the_blame_for_the_failure_of_his_exam_on_the_teacher.(blame n．)‎ ‎　　　　　　‎ 阅读理解组块专练——练速度 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Crazy Festivals Mike the Headless Chicken Festival In 1945, farmer Lloyd Olsen attempted to cut off the head of Mike, a chicken, so his wife could cook it up for dinner. However, the bird didn't die and lived another year and a half, making regular trips to the fair, where people paid a quarter to see the amazing headless bird.‎ Today, the spirit of Mike the Headless Chicken is ‎ celebrated with a twoday May festival in Fruita, Colorado, which includes live music, a golf tournament, and lots of delicious chicken.‎ Roswell UFO Festival In the summer of 1947, a flying saucer (碟状物) crashed on a large farm outside the town of Roswell, New Mexico. The government says it didn't come from outer space, but many top UFO researchers believe it did.‎ Knowing a good thing when it crashes in their backyard, the citizens of Roswell celebrate the event every July with a threeday festival that features a costume contest, a parade and other activities. Be careful, though — that_odd_little_person_next_to_you_could_be_from_another_‎ planet.‎ World's Largest Rattlesnake Roundup The rattlesnake, a poisonous American snake, serves an important function in nature by keeping small pests under control, but when their numbers grow too large, they can cause serious problems for farmers. That's why every March the residents of Sweetwater, Texas, host a threeday festival in association with the town's annual rattlesnake hunt.‎ Visitors can learn about rattlesnakes, take a bus tour of their natural habitat, participate in a rattlesnake eating contest and so on.‎ BugFest Every September, the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences in Raleigh sponsors a daylong festival that focuses on something most people try to avoid: insects.‎ Visitors can hold bugs that are not native, cheer on racing insects and learn about beekeeping. But the highlight for many is Café Insecta, where bugs are the main ingredient in a variety of tasty dishes.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个古怪的节日。‎ ‎1．Lloyd Olsen cut off the chicken's head because ________.‎ A．his family wanted to eat it B．he wanted to sell its meat at the fair C．his family wanted to celebrate a headless chicken festival D．he wanted to make money by showing a headless chicken 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一个节日介绍中的“farmer Lloyd Olsen attempted to cut off the head of Mike, a chicken, so his wife could cook it up for dinner”可知答案。‎ ‎2．By writing the underlined part, the author wants to ________.‎ A．remind readers that aliens do exist B．add an air of mystery to the festival C．imply that he may attend the festival D．describe the fun of the costume contest 解析：选B　句意理解题。根据文章对第二个节日的介绍可知，作者以客观的口吻介绍了这个外星人节日的来源及节日内容等，并未对外星人是否存在表明自己的观点。由此可推测，作者最后说“你旁边那个奇怪的矮人可能来自另一个星球”只是为了给这个节日增加些神秘气氛。‎ ‎3．What's the purpose of the World's Largest Rattlesnake Roundup?‎ A．To increase the local tourism.‎ B．To protect rattlesnakes' habitats.‎ C．To control the population of rattlesnakes.‎ D．To introduce the importance of rattlesnakes.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三个节日介绍中的“when their numbers grow too large, they can cause serious problems for farmers. That's why every March the residents of Sweetwater, Texas, host a threeday festival ...”可知答案。‎ ‎4．Which of the following is the earliest festival of the year?‎ A．Mike the Headless Chicken Festival.‎ B．Roswell UFO Festival.‎ C．World's Largest Rattlesnake Roundup.‎ D．BugFest.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据四个节日的举办时间：五月、七月、三月和九月可知，C选项为一年中最早的节日。‎ B Once a man needed a new pair of shoes. This man was very good at math. He knew that in order to get shoes that fit very ‎ well, it would be necessary to measure his foot size correctly.‎ So, before he went to the market, he carefully measured his feet and drew a very detailed picture of his feet on a piece of paper. Then before leaving the house, like a good mathematician, he rechecked his picture.‎ It was a very long way from the man's home to the market. It was past midday when the man arrived at the market. When the man reached the shoe stall, he realized that he had forgotten to bring his paper. He turned around and walked all the way back home to get it.‎ It was nearly sunset when the man returned to the market. There he found the market was closing. The shoemaker had packed up all of his shoes. “Foolish man，” the shoemaker said to the man when he was asked to unpack his goods to make a sale. “Why did you not just try on the shoes？”‎ The man hung his head shamefully, saying, “I guessed there was only one way to solve my problem. I should have checked with others for another solution that might have worked as well or better than my own.”‎ The above short story works well with school students and also teachers. Don't try to solve a problem with a single point of view; there may be many other ways of solving the same problem.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过一则短篇故事告诉我们：一个问题往往不只有一种解决办法。‎ ‎5．Before the man went to the market, he ________.‎ A．asked others for some advice B．knew well about his foot size C．measured his old shoes carefully D．drew a pair of shoes on a piece of paper 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“So, before he went to the market, he carefully measured his feet and drew a very detailed picture of his feet on a piece of paper.”可知，在去集市之前，那位男子仔细地测量了自己的脚的尺寸。‎ ‎6．The shoemaker considered the man to be ________.‎ A．stupid　　　　　　　　　 B．strange C．clever D．interesting 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段中鞋匠说的“Foolish man”可知，鞋匠认为那位男子很愚蠢。‎ ‎7．What does the author want to show by telling the story?‎ A．We should learn math very well.‎ B．It's necessary to ask for help at times.‎ C．We should think carefully before we act.‎ D．There is more than one way to solve a problem.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Don't try to solve a problem with a single point of view; there may be many other ways of solving the same problem.”可知，作者讲述这个故事是想告诉我们：一个问题往往不只有一种解决办法。‎ C Anna Schiferl hadn't even got out of bed when she reached ‎ for her cellphone and typed a text to her mom, one recent Saturday. Mom was right downstairs in the kitchen. The text? Anna wanted an egg for breakfast. Soon after, Joanna Schiferl called, “If you want to talk to me, Anna, come downstairs and see me！” Anna laughs about it now. “I was kind of being lazy，” she admits.‎ These days, many people with cellphones prefer texting to a phone call. And that's creating a communication divide, of sorts — the talkers vs. the texters. Some would argue that it's no big deal. But many experts say the most successful communicators will, of course, have the competence to do both. And they fear that more of us are unable to have — or at least are avoiding — the traditional facetoface conversations.‎ Many professors (教授) say it is not common to see students outside of class. “I sit in my office hours lonely now because if my students have a question, they email me, often late at night，” says Renee Houston, a professor at the University of Puget Sound in Washington state. “And they never call.”‎ As Anna sees it: “There are people you'll text, but won't call. It's just a way to stay in touch with each other.” Some believe that scores of texts each day keep people more connected. “The problem is that the conversation isn't very deep，” says Joseph Grenny, coauthor of the book Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes are High.‎ ‎“The problem has been there since we've had telephones —‎ ‎ probably since the time of a telegraph (电报)，” Grenny says. Texting is just the latest way to do that. Though they may not always be so good at deep conversations themselves, Grenny suggests that parents model the behavior for their children and put down their own cellphones. He says that they also should set limits, as Anna's mom did when she made the “no texting to people in the same house” rule.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。专家表明，经常发短信可能会使人们在面对面交流时产生障碍。‎ ‎8．According to Paragraph 1, Joanna ________.‎ A．was very strict with her daughter B．did not know how to use a cellphone C．was angry that her daughter got up late D．did not have any breakfast that morning 解析：选A　推理判断题。由该段中的“If you want to talk to me, Anna, come downstairs and see me”可知，Joanna对她的女儿要求十分严格，故选A项。‎ ‎9．The underlined word “competence” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．‎ A．chance B．ability C．courage D．patience 解析：选B　词义猜测题。由该段中的“the talkers vs. the texters”等相关信息可知，这里是说：大多数成功的交流者有能力把两者都做好，即：不但善于口头沟通也善于通过短信来交流，故选B项。‎ ‎10．What do we know about Renee's students?‎ A．They often work late at night.‎ B．They often ask strange questions.‎ C．Few ask her questions face to face.‎ D．Many email her if she feels lonely.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第三段中的“I sit in my office hours lonely now because if my students have a question, they email me”可知，Renee的学生很少当面向她请教问题，故选C项。‎ ‎11．In Joseph Grenny's opinion, ________.‎ A．cellphones make people lonelier B．telephones help people communicate clearly C．texting helps people have deeper conversations D．talking should be encouraged instead of texting 解析：选D　细节理解题。由最后两段中的“the conversation isn't very deep”和“parents ...put down their own cellphones”以及“they also should set limits”等信息可知，Joseph Grenny认为父母应该放下手机给孩子做个榜样，多一些面对面的交流而非发短信，故选D项。‎ D Brian Greene, a professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University, has created an online science education platform. He tries to “build a bridge” with things you know about, and then “bring you across that bridge to the strange place of modern physics.”‎ Recently I had a chance to ask Greene about wormholes (a ‎ hole which some scientists think might exist, connecting parts of space and time that are not usually connected), time travel and other mysteries of the universe. I asked him a milliondollar question: What if I went through a wormhole and prevented my parents from meeting? “Most of us believe that the universe makes sense，” Greene said. “Although there are several interesting theories about time travel，” he added, “the laws of physics would probably prevent something so illogical from taking place. The good news is that the time paradox (悖论) is open for future physicists to solve.”‎ When asked how physics could become more exciting for kids, Greene said that books by Stephen Weinberg, Leonard Susskind, and other physicists, “make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but aren't yet ready, perhaps, to learn math.”‎ When I pointed out that some students still might find physics boring, Greene said that the key is to teach them about things that are strange. “The basic stuff is important，” Greene said. “But I think it's really important to also describe the more modern ideas, things like black holes and the Big Bang. If kids have those ideas in mind, then at least some of them will be excited to learn all the details.”‎ Greene has followed Albert Einstein's lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe. Now he wants kids to do the same. As Greene said, physics is “not just a matter of ‎ solving problems in an exam.” It's about experimenting, showing an interest in strange phenomena (现象) — and having fun!‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。物理学家Brian Greene希望更多的孩子将会对现代物理学感兴趣。‎ ‎12．A milliondollar question in Paragraph 2 is probably very ________.‎ A．direct B．difficult C．personal D．long 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第二段Greene对这个问题的解释以及他说需要未来的物理学家去解决可知，作者提出的这个问题非常难。‎ ‎13．The books by Weinberg and Susskind ________.‎ A．are boring to read B．are mainly about math C．are popular science books D．are only popular among kids 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段的“...books by ...make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but aren't yet ready, perhaps, to learn math”可知，Greene认为Weinberg和Susskind等物理学家写的书浅显易懂，适合普通大众阅读，故这些书属于流行的科普读物。‎ ‎14．According to Paragraph 4, which of the following does Greene agree with?‎ A．Modern physics is a boring subject.‎ B．Interest plays an important role in studying.‎ C．It is not necessary to learn all about physics.‎ D．It is easy to describe black holes and the Big Bang.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，当作者指出一些学生觉得物理无聊时，Greene说重要的是向孩子们讲述一些稀奇古怪的事，并描述一些诸如黑洞和宇宙大爆炸的现代物理现象，如果孩子们知道了这些，他们就愿意了解更多详细的内容。因此他认为兴趣在学习过程中起着非常重要的作用。‎ ‎15．In the last paragraph, Greene hopes that ________.‎ A．kids can love science and physics B．kids can do well in physics exams C．kids can have fun with experiments D．kids can find more strange things in life 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Greene has followed Albert Einstein's lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe. Now he wants kids to do the same.”可知，Greene希望孩子们可以像他一样对科学和物理感兴趣，去探索宇宙的奥秘。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 AlAzhar University Going to a university is an important part of a person's life. Today, many people go to a university to study and train for a future job in subjects like law, medicine, or education. __1__ An important one started in Egypt over one thousand years ago.‎ The world's oldest surviving university, AlAzhar, is in ‎ Cairo, Egypt. It was first built as a mosque (清真寺) in A．D. 972. A few years later, learners and teachers began meeting in the mosque. They read and talked about the subjects of religion (宗教) and law. __2__ Leaders in the city of Cairo decided to create a school for higher learning and soon after that, AlAzhar University was started.‎ ‎__3__ For these teachers at AlAzhar, they needed to think about what courses to teach and how to teach them. The earliest courses were in law and religion. In a course, students read and studied with the teacher, but there was also free discussion. Often, students and teachers had interesting discussions, and there was no “correct” answer. In the years that followed, the new university interested scholars (学者) from around the world. __4__ At AlAzhar, people studied the past, but it was also a place for sharing new ideas.‎ Over a thousand years later, AlAzhar is still an important university in the world. __5__ Today, many of the world's most important universities such as Oxford and Harvard still follow the same traditions as they do at AlAzhar.‎ A．A university was a new idea at that time.‎ B．There are many reasons to study in Egypt.‎ C．They came here to teach and do research.‎ D．Around the year 988, a new decision was made.‎ E．However, the university is not a modern invention.‎ F．The cost of university education is increasing year by ‎ year.‎ G．Its library contains many of the world's oldest and most valuable books.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了世界上最古老的大学之一——爱资哈尔大学。‎ ‎1．选E　由该空前的“Today”和空后的“An important one ...one thousand years ago.”可知，该空与上文是转折关系，又引出下文，E项内容符合此处语境。‎ ‎2．选D　由该空前的“A.D. 972”， “A few years later”和空后的“Leaders ...decided to create a school”可知，此处应填D项。‎ ‎3．选A　由该空后的“For these teachers at AlAzhar, they needed to think about what courses to teach and how to teach them.”可知，由于当时大学还是一个新事物，所以老师需要考虑教什么课程、怎样教的问题，故选A项。‎ ‎4．选C　由该空前的“the new university interested scholars (学者) from around the world”可知，C项内容符合此处语境。‎ ‎5．选G　由该空前的“AlAzhar is still an important university in the world”可知，G项说法是对前面内容的补充。‎