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中考英语语法复习名词考点

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英语语法名词 ‎ 名词部分的考查重点为:‎ 1、 名词的可数与不可数性。‎ 2、 名词单复数在特定情况下的使用。‎ 3、 名词的普通格与所有格作定语的选用。‎ 4、 物质名词、抽象名词具体化。‎ 名词词义的区别与固定搭配。‎ ‎【考点诠释】‎ ‎ 一、名词的各种分类。单、复数的用法及单数名词变复数名词的方式,包括可数名词的复数的变化规则,少数不规则名词的复数形式及部分单复、数同形的名词。‎ ‎【考例】There is good_________ for you. I've found your lost watch. ‎ A. news B. ideas C. messages D. thoughts My uncle will come to my house for dinner.I want to buy some ___to make a vegetable salad for him.‎ ‎ A.meat B.tomatoes C.apple juice The teacher said we needed to choose three        for the school concert. ‎ ‎ A. farmers       B. doctors       C. drivers       D. singers ‎ At night the koala bear gets up and eats___________.‎ ‎ A.1eaf B.1eaves C. leafs ‎ The PLA man saved three ____lives in the accident.‎ ‎ A.children’s B.children C.child D.childs'‎ Come on,children.Help yourselves to some_________ if you like.‎ ‎ A.fish and chicken B.fishes and chicken C.fish and chickens D.fishes and chickens All the ____teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th,because it was their own holiday.‎ ‎ A.man B.men C.woman D.women ‎ 二、不可数名词数量的表达法。用“数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”这样的结构来表示,量词可以是单数也可以是复数,但of后面的名词只能用单数。‎ Mr Smith always has _________to tell us.‎ ‎ A.some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news ‎ C.some good piece of newes D.some piece of good newes ‎ ‎——Would you like to have a look at some pants?‎ They may fit you well.‎ 一Well,I'd like to try those blue__________.‎ A.pairs B.one C.pant D.pair ‎―Would you like some drinks, boys?‎ ‎―Yes,      , please.‎ ‎     A. some oranges  B. two boxes of chocolates  C. some cakes  D. two bottles of orange ‎        exciting news! We will have        long holiday after the exam.  ‎ A. What an, a     B. What, a      C. How an, the       D. How, the                               ‎ 三、名词所有格及其用法。以-s结尾的单数名词加“’”或“’s”构成所有格;以-s或-es结尾的复数名词只加“’”;不规则复数名词在词尾加“’s”;两者或两者以上共同所有,把“’s”加在最后的名词上;表示各自拥有某件东西时,每个名词都要用所有格形式。‎ ‎_________fathers are both scientists. ‎ A.Jim's and Bob B.Jim's and Bob's C.Jim and Bob's D.Jim and Bob ‎_____room is big and bright.They like it very much. ‎ A.Tom and Sam B.Tom's find Sam C.Tom and Sam's D.Tom's and Sam's ‎―How’s Joy’s skirt? ―Her skirt is more beautiful than        .  ‎ ‎ A. her sister’s and Kate        B. her sister and Kate  ‎ C. her sister and Kate’s        D. her sister’s and Kate’s 四、表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词,也可以加“'s”来构成所有格。如:today's newspaper.ten minutes,walk,China's industry ‎ —Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here?‎ ‎ —No, it’s about _______.‎ ‎ A. 7 minutes walk      B. 7 minute walk C. 7 minutes’ walk     D. 7 minute’s walk ‎ ‎——Come and see me in .‎ ‎——With pleasure.That’s what I'm expecting.‎ ‎ A.two or three days' B.two or three day's time C.two or three days' time I'm going on holiday on the 12th.I have to be back at work on the 26th.So I've got two_______ holiday.‎ A.weeks B.week's C.weeks' D.week 五、名词作主语时的主谓一致。主语为单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式,主语为复数,则谓语动词也用复数;主语形式上是单数,但表达复数意义,那么谓语动词 要用复数形式;主语形式上是复数形式但表达单数意义,则谓语动词也采用单数形式;谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定。‎ 六、语境中名词的选择。根据语境确定名词的词义,再根据句法进一步确定词形。‎ Studying in a foreign country is a different _____and you can learn a lot.‎ ‎ A.event B.exercise C.experience D.exhibition ‎---Would you like some_________?‎ ‎---No, thank you. I'm not hungry at all.‎ ‎ A. tea B. water C. bread D. coffee It's common ____that the Japanese eat Sushi. ‎ A.information B.knowledge C.direction D.instruction The thing that ____is not whether you fan or not,but whether you try or not. ‎ A.minds B.cares C.matters D.considers ‎——I don't know how to use this machine.‎ 一It doesn't matter.Here is the____.‎ ‎ A.instruction B.direction C.information D.advertisement ‎——What do you know about____?‎ ‎——Line drawings that show how something works.‎ ‎ A.pictures B.diagrams C.programmes D.paintings 七、易混名词的区别。主要是要求区别一些常见的容易混淆的名词的用法。ww.zgk5nu.com ‎---Look, the tall building looks very modern.‎ ‎---Yes, and there is a garden on its ___________. A garden in the air! ‎ A. top B. ground C. side D. floor 一How can I tell one tree from another?‎ ‎ 一You can mostly tell them by the _________of their leaves.[07武汉市]‎ A.shape B size C.age D color ‎---Oh! There isn't enough _________ for us in the bus.‎ ‎ ---No hurry. Let's wait for the next.‎ ‎ A. place B. land C. room D. floor ‎0ur school held an activity called “Recommend Books to Your Teachers”.The students made a ‎____of 1 000 books.‎ ‎ A.note B.1ine C.menu D.1ist ‎【语法回顾】‎ 名词是用来表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语名词一般分为两类,即专有名词和普通名词。普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词。个体名词和集体名词一般可数,有单复数之分;物质名词和抽象名词一般不可数。所以从可数性方面看,名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。主要是不可数名词.可数名词的单复数以及名词和其他词类(如冠词、动词、介词等)组成的固定短语,还包括具体情景中名词词义的辨析等知识的综合。‎ 一、名词的数 ‎ ‎ ‎1.一般名词的复数形式是在词尾直接加-s构成。如:‎ ‎2.以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,变成复数时在词尾加-es。如:‎ ‎3.以-f和-fe结尾的词变f或fe为v,再加-es。如:‎ 注意:roof,gulf,belief,chief,safe,proof,staff等其复数直接在词尾加-s。‎ handkerchief的复数为              .‎ ‎4.以辅音字母加一y结尾之名词,先将y变成i,再加-es。如: ‎ ‎5.以字母o结尾的词,一般来说,生物名词,包括动、植物名词加-es构成复数。例如:‎ 以-o结尾的无生物名词一般直接加-s构成复数。例如:‎ 外来的有生物以-o结尾的名词也只加—s构成复数。例如:‎ ‎(二)不规则变化:‎ ‎1.变化名词中所含的元音字母。如:‎ foot-→        tooth→    goose→     man→  ‎ ‎2.词尾加-en或-ren。如:‎ child→      ox→    ‎ ‎3.单复数同形。如:‎ ‎4.表“某国人”的名词,其复数变化有3种情况。‎ ‎(1)单复数形式相同。如:‎ ‎ (2)变词尾的.man/woman。如:‎ ‎ (3)词尾加-s。如:‎ ‎ ‎ 口诀记忆法:中日同形用不变,英法同盟变a为e,其他一律加s。‎ ‎5.有一些词如hair(头发),fruit(水果),通常是用它们的单数形式来表示总称。但在表示“几根头发”,“若干种水果”时,则要用复数形式。如:‎ 几根白发                  几种外国水果 ‎ (三)复合名词的复数 ‎1.一般将主体名词变为复数。如m:‎ ‎ mother-in-law→ ‎ passer-by→‎ looker-on→‎ editor-in-chief→‎ ‎2.无主体名词构成的复合词,在词尾加一s。如:‎ go-between→‎ grown-up→‎ ‎3.由man或woman构成的复合名词,两者都要变成复数。如:‎ A man teacher→                   a woman doctor→ ‎ 注意:有一些名词,包括一些学科名词,形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数。如:‎ ‎ (消息)     ;  (数学)    ;  (物理)    ;       (政治)‎ ‎(四)不可数名词的数 ‎ 1.不可数名词就是表示无法分清个体的名词。这类词主要为抽象名词和物质名词。计算不可数名词时,用“数词或冠词+量词+‎0f+不可数名词”这样的结构来表示,量词可以是单数也可以是复数.但of后的名词只用单数。如:‎ 一块苹果派        两杯茶     三条消息 四桶水          一滴水       一线希望 ‎2.有些物质名词可用复数形式表示数量或不同的类别。如:‎ 请来两杯咖啡。‎ 老年人应食用些保健品。‎ ‎3.有些抽象名词可以用单数或复数形式表示具体的事物。如:‎ Difficulty   →              ‎ Success →‎ 二、名词的所有格 ‎1.表示有生命的东西的名词所有格。‎ ‎(1)一般在单数或复数名词后加-'s。如:‎ ‎ (2)以-s结尾的复数名词后直接加“'”。如:‎ ‎ (3)并列名词表示各自所属时,在两个名词之后都加.’s;ww.zgk5nu.com 表示共同所属时.在最后一个名词后加-'s。如:‎ ‎ (4)表示店铺,某人的家,私人开的诊所、餐馆等,其所有格后的名词(如shop等)可以省略。如:‎ 在裁缝店             在药店 ‎2.表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格,常常用“of+名词”的形式。如:‎ 书的封面                一张我家的全家福 注意:(1)表示有生命东西的名词,如果名词较长或名词的定语较长.也可用“of+名词”的形式。如:‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(2)表示时间、距离、集体、城市、国家、团体、机构及某些惯用语中的名词,可用-s。如:‎ 昨天的报纸              开车五分钟的路程 ‎3.双重所有格 ‎ 被修饰的名词前有不定冠词,指示代词,不定代词或数词等时.要用名词的双重所有格。其结构为“of+名词-'s”。如:‎ 我哥哥的一些照片              我父亲的一个朋友 比较:‎ 我父亲的一张照片               我父亲的照片 ‎ 三、名词的句法功能 ‎1.名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补定语、定语、状语、同位语和呼语等。如:‎ ‎ (主语)‎ ‎ (宾语)‎ ‎ (宾语补足语)‎ ‎ (定语)‎ ‎ (状语)‎ ‎ (同位语)‎ ‎ (呼语)‎ ‎2.名词作定语时,表示中心词的用途:材料、地点、时间等,和形容词做定语在含义上有所不同。试比较:‎ 银币      银白色的小车       心脏病      热情的欢迎    石桥       铁石心肠 ‎1. Today is September 10th. It's______ Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers. ‎ A. Teachers B. Teachers' C. the Teachers' D. Teacher's ‎ ‎2 .He had something to write down and asked me for_____, ‎ A. a paper B. some papers C some pieces papers D. a piece of paper ‎3. The ______ now is that we have lots of _____ to ask, ‎ A. problem; questions B. question; problems C question; problem D. problem; question ‎ ‎4. --- Can I just have a try? ‎ ‎---Sure. It doesn't if you give a wrong answer. ‎ A. matter B. trouble C. mind D. care ‎ ‎5 .--- Could you move over a little and make some_______ for me? ‎ ‎--- Sure. Please. ‎ A. place B. seat C. room D. ground ‎ ‎6. -What would you like to drink, girls? ‎ ‎-_____, please. ‎ A. Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffees C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cup of coffees ‎ ‎7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs far _______. ‎ A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks ‎ ‎8. I'd like something to read. Would you please pass me the _____________? ‎ pen B. box C. ruler D. book ‎ ‎9. September 10th is ___________. ‎ A. Women's Day B. Children's Day C. Mid-autumn Day D. Teachers' Day ‎ ‎10. -How do you get home from ______? By bus? ‎ ‎-No, I walk. ______ isn't very far. ‎ A. school, The school B. the school, The school C. the school, School D. school, School ‎

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