2020年高考英语学业水平测试一轮复习 阅读理解 第Ⅱ题 专题三 推理判断类题目 12页

专题三　推理判断类题目 ‎[命题特点]‎ 根据文章内容，语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意。‎ ‎(1)常用设题关键动词：infer，imply，suggest，indicate，refer to，predict，conclude，learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等。‎ ‎(2)设题常用推理判断的情态动词：can，could，might，would，probably，most likely等。‎ ‎[考查重点]‎ 表层意思的理解与推理；深层含义的领悟与推理；同时涉及数据推断，知识推断，逻辑结论推断，表明作者态度、观点的推断等。‎ ‎[方法技巧]‎ 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推断；整合全文(段)信息进行推断；根据上下文逻辑关系进行推理得出结论。‎ ‎1．忠实于原文。‎ ‎2．吃透文章的字面含义。‎ ‎3．对文章表面意义进行分析、综合判断。‎ ‎4．把握句际、段际关系。‎ ‎5．确定推断的范围和位置，细节还是整体推断。‎ Passage 1‎ I've spent over a year in India, and in those 365 plus days, I've learned a lot about getting around Indian cities. My biggest lessons have been learned through being cheated, particularly by taxi and rickshaw (人力车) drivers, but that doesn't mean those are bad ways to travel, as long as you know what you're doing. Below are the best ways to get around the city of Delhi, India, and tips for how to keep from being the victim of scams (欺诈)．‎ Taking taxis is a great way to get around the city of Delhi and chances are, if you arrive in Delhi by plane, as soon as you make it through customs, you'll be swarmed by Indian taxi drivers. At the Delhi airport, be sure to arrange for a taxi to your hotel at one of the two Delhi Traffic Police Taxi Booths. One is inside the ‎ 12‎ airport, and the other is outside. The key is to make sure to go to a booth run by the police, rather than by independent taxi drivers.‎ Rickshaws are one of my favourite ways to get around Indian cities, in part because it's how the locals often travel. Auto－rickshaws are more common, but bicycle rickshaws are still used in Old Delhi. If you do have a chance to take a bicycle rickshaw, you should do it at least once for a unique experience that should only set you back about 15 rupees. Auto－rickshaw rates around Delhi range between 30 and 80 rupees, depending on the distance.‎ If you really want to travel around Delhi like the locals, take a public bus. Indian buses become very crowded and most do not have air conditioning. They are, however, very cheap. A bus trip won't set you back any more than 15 rupees, as long as you stay within the city limits. Since Indian buses get so crowded, try to board the bus at the start of the route so you can get a seat.‎ The train is a great way to get around within the city of Delhi. Fares are reasonable, between 6 and 22 rupees. All departure announcements are in both Hindi and English, and tokens can be purchased for between 6 and 22 rupees.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　 本文作者就自己在印度德里旅行时的交通方面提出了几点建议。‎ ‎1．The author is trying to ________ in Delhi through this text.‎ A．give some advice of travelling B．expect us to travel around C．show his/her experiences D．explain the difficulties of travelling 解析：通读全文，我们可以看出，作者在本文中给读者提出了一些建议，告诉读者在德里旅行时应注意的一些问题。因此，本文的写作目的也就是要给读者提出建议。‎ 答案：A ‎2．To avoid being cheated, you ought to ________ if you want to take a taxi at the Delhi airport.‎ A．pay more to the drivers to keep safe B．show your ticket to the driver C．go to a police－run booth D．go out of the airport 解析：根据第二段的最后一句可知，在机场搭乘出租车时，应到警察经营的摊位。‎ 答案：C ‎3．The author suggests taking a rickshaw in order to ________．‎ 12‎ A．save some money B．enjoy the comfortable trip C．gain a unique experience D．help the local rickshaw drivers 解析：根据第三段的第三句可知，作者建议乘坐人力车以获得一种独特的体验。‎ 答案：C ‎4．What can we infer from the passage?‎ A．You won't have to pay much if you travel around by bus in India.‎ B．It will be difficult for you to get a seat if you get on the bus halfway.‎ C．A rickshaw driver only charges whatever amount you give him.‎ D．You'll have to speak English if you travel around in India.‎ 解析：根据第四段的最后一句可知，为了上车后能有一个座位，作者建议最好从起点站上车。这就意味着如果中途上车的话，就很难有座位了。‎ 答案：B ‎5．Which may be the topic that follows?‎ A．Hotel recommendations in Delhi B．Weather conditions in Delhi C．Food and drink in Delhi D．Car rentals in Delhi 解析：由本文第一段的最后一句可知，本文主要介绍了关于在德里交通方面避免受骗的几点建议。在给出的几个选项当中，只有D项与交通有关。据此，我们可以确定后面最有可能要讨论的是汽车租赁业务。‎ 答案：D Passage 2‎ A fellow speaker from California named Geri flew to Japan, in her favourite jeans and a casual jacket, to give her first speech. Fourteen hours later, four perfectly dressed Japanese gentlemen greeted her at Narita Airport. Smiling and bowing low, they handed her their business cards. With her bag in one hand, Geri took their cards with the other. She thanked them, glanced briefly at the cards, and put them into her jeans pocket quickly. ‎ When the five of them arrived at the hotel, they invited Geri to tea in the lobby (大厅). While sipping tea, the gentlemen presented her with a small gift which she eagerly opened. She was thrilled with the gift and shouted excitedly, “Oh, it's beautiful！”‎ 12‎ At this point, the four Japanese gentlemen stood up and, bowing only very slightly, said “Sayonara” and left immediately. Poor Geri was left astonished. What did she do wrong?‎ Everything! Her jeans were the first gaffe. Even if you're coming off a bicycle in Japan, you do not meet clients (客人) casually dressed. The second mistake was Geri's handling of their business cards rudely. In Japan, the business card is one of the most important communicative tools. It is always presented and accepted respectfully with both hands. However, Geri put their cards away much too quickly. In Japan, people use business cards as a conversation starter. You chat about each other's cards and work and do not put theirs away until they gently and respectfully place yours in safe keeping. Putting it carelessly into her jeans pocket was the ultimate disrespect.‎ Then, the fourth horror of horrors was that Geri should not have opened the gift in front of her clients. In a land where saving face is critical, it would be embarrassing to discover the gift they gave was not as nice as the one they received. What is worse, Geri hadn't even given them a gift!‎ ‎【语篇解读】　 本文介绍了Geri在与日本人交往中所犯的几个礼仪上的错误。‎ ‎1．In the four Japanese gentlemen's eyes, Geri took their cards ________．‎ A．excitedly　　　 B．embarrassingly C．politely D．disrespectfully 解析：由文章第一段“...glanced briefly at the cards, and put them into her jeans pocket quickly.”和第四段的“The second mistake was Geri's handling of their business cards rudely.”可知答案。‎ 答案：D ‎2．Why did the four Japanese gentlemen leave Geri suddenly?‎ A．Because they couldn't bear Geri's behaviour ‎ any longer.‎ B．Because they had finished the task.‎ C．Because Geri had something more important to do.‎ D．Because Geri felt embarrassed.‎ 解析：由第五段“Then, the fourth horror of horrors was that Geri should not have opened the gift in front of her clients.In a land where saving face is critical, it would be embarrassing to discover the gift they gave was not as nice as the one they received.”可推知答案。‎ 12‎ 答案：A ‎3．What does the underlined word “gaffe” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?‎ A．Ignorance. B．Sadness.‎ C．Mistake. D．Carelessness. ‎ 解析：由第三段“What did she do wrong？”和第四段的“The second mistake was Geri's handling of their business cards rudely.”可推知答案。‎ 答案：C ‎4．The third mistake Geri made was that she ________．‎ A．used her own card as a conversation starter B．took her clients' cards with one hand C．kept her clients' cards in a wrong place D．met her clients in jeans 解析：由第四段“The second mistake was Geri's handling of their business cards rudely.”和“Putting it carelessly into her jeans pocket was the ultimate disrespect.”可推知答案。‎ 答案：C ‎5．What lesson can we draw from this story?‎ A．Honesty is the best policy.‎ B．Think twice before you take any action.‎ C．When in Rome, do as the Romans do.‎ D．Don't claim to know what you don't know.‎ 解析：纵观全文可得出答案。‎ 答案：C Passage 3‎ Big Brothers Big Sisters is based on the simplicity and power of friendship. It is a programme which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable_young_people (ages 7～17)with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend.‎ Volunteer tutors come from all walks of life—married, single，with or without children. Big Brothers and Big Sisters are not replacement parents or social workers.They are tutors: someone to trust, to have fun with, to talk and go to when needed.‎ A Big Sister and Little Sister will generally spend between one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months. They enjoy simple 12‎ ‎ activities such as a picnic at a park，cooking，playing sport or going to a football match.These activities improve the friendship and help the young person develop positive self－respect，confidence and life direction.‎ Big Brothers Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world. It is the largest and most well－known provider of tutor services internationally and has been operating for 25 years.‎ Emily and Sarah have been matched since March 2008. Emily is a 10－year－old girl who has experienced some difficulties being accepted by her schoolmates at school. “I was pretty sure there was something wrong with me.”‎ Emily's mum came across Big Brothers Big Sisters and thought it would be of benefit to Emily by “providing different feedback (反馈) about herself other than just relying on schoolmates to measure her self－worth”．‎ Sarah wanted to get involved in a volunteer programme. “I googled it and found out how to be a part of it. I thought it would be fun for me to get involved in making time to do something because sometimes it's all work and no play.”‎ Big Brothers Big Sisters has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah. They love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more comfortable in being the wonderful, happy and unique girl she is!‎ ‎【语篇解读】　文章主要讲述了Big Brothers Big Sisters这样一个项目，该项目为情感上容易受挫折的孩子提供了帮助。‎ ‎1．What is the aim of Big Brothers Big Sisters?‎ A．To offer students public services.‎ B．To help students improve their grades.‎ C．To organize sport activities for young people.‎ D．To provide partnership and fun for young people.‎ 解析：根据文章第一段第二句“It is a programme which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable young people...”可知，这个项目是“通过让成人陪伴一些内心比较脆弱的孩子，从而来提供友谊和乐趣”。A选项是说为学生提供公共服务；B选项是说帮助学生提高分数；C选项是说为年轻人组织体育活动；D选项是说给年轻人提供友情和乐趣。所以选D。‎ 答案：D ‎2．A volunteer is usually expected to work within a year for at least ________．‎ 12‎ A．24 hours　　　 B．36 hours C．48 hours D．72 hours 解析：根据文章第三段第一句可知，志愿者要每年至少参加12个月，每个月三到四次，每次花一到四个小时。由此可以得出，志愿者一年之内最少要工作12×3×1＝36小时。‎ 答案：B ‎3．According to Emily's mother，this programme may provide Emily with ________．‎ A．advice from her teachers B．a new way to assess herself C．a new way to judge her schoolmates D．more comments from her schoolmates 解析：根据文章第六段第一句“...by ‘providing different feedback(反馈) about herself other than just...’”可知，这个项目可以向Emily的妈妈提供一些关于她孩子不同的反馈，而不是仅仅只依赖同学的评价来评估Emily的自我价值。‎ 答案：B ‎4．Why did Sarah want to get involved in the programme?‎ A．She used to be a volunteer.‎ B．She needed a part－time job.‎ C．She felt a bit bored with her life.‎ D．She wanted to get a challenging job.‎ 解析：根据文章第七段最后一句“...because sometimes it's all work and no play.”可知Sarah想要通过参加这个项目来找些事儿做，因为有时候生活充满了工作而没有放松。A选项“曾经是一个志愿者”；B选项“她需要一份兼职工作”；C选项“她感觉生活有点儿无趣”；D选项“她想要获得一份有挑战性的工作”。所以选C。‎ 答案：C ‎5．According to the passage，“vulnerable young people” are probably those who are ________．‎ A．popular at school B．rather weak physically C．easily hurt emotionally D．confident in themselves 解析：由文章的第一段可知这个项目可以为这些孩子提供玩伴和乐趣。再由文章的第三段可以得知，这个项目可以为孩子们提高自尊、自信和找准生活方向。再由文章的第五段可以得知，Emily在学校很难被同学接受。综上分析，可以得出，vulnerable young people 12‎ 是指“情感上容易受伤害的人”。‎ 答案：C Passage 4‎ The forces that make Japan one of the world's most earthquake－prone(有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its long－term energy solution.‎ Water from deep below the ground at Japan's tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.Although Japanese high－tech companies are leaders in geothermal(地热的) technology and export it, its use is limited in the nation.‎ ‎“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji, a leading researcher of thermal－electric power production.‎ The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11th, 2011 caused a reaction against atomic power, which previously made up 30 percent of Japan's energy needs, and increased interest in alternative energies, which account for only 8 percent.‎ Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy, following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.‎ For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.‎ The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan's potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.‎ ‎“We can't even dig 10cm inside national parks，” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric, adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.‎ Researcher Hideaki Matsui said, “Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades－long project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”‎ The Earth Policy Institute in Washington, the US, believed Japan could produce 80，000 megawatts(兆瓦)and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.‎ Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology, with a 70 percent market share.In 2010, Fuji Electric built the world's 12‎ ‎ largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能，因为日本是地震多发国家，国内地热能非常丰富，所以地热能将是日本的新型替代能源。‎ ‎1．What would be the best title for the text?‎ A．Alternative energies in Japan B．The world's largest geothermal plant C．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technology D．Japan thinks of geothermal energy 解析：文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能，所以是围绕地热能的话题展开。故选D项。‎ 答案：D ‎2．What percentage of Japan's energy needs is geothermal energy?‎ A．About 8%. B．Below 1%.‎ C．Around 30%. D．Over 80%.‎ 解析：从第六段“For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.”可知，日本地热能供给不到1%，其主要依赖于化石燃料和原子能。故选B项。‎ 答案：B ‎3．According to Shigeto Yamada，the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs ________．‎ A．a change of rules B．financial support C．local people's help D．high technology 解析：从倒数第四段“...adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.”可知，要开发地热能，需要将现行的规章制度进行改变，故选A项。‎ 答案：A ‎4．Geothermal energy is considered as a long－term programme by ________．‎ A．Yoshiyasu Takefuji B．Hideaki Matsui C．Shigeto Yamada D．Yoko Ono 解析：由第九段“Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades－long project.”可知，Hideaki Matsui 认为地热能是个长期的项目，故选B项。‎ 答案：B ‎5．It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that ________．‎ A．the world's biggest geothermal plant was built by America 12‎ B．Japan will not export its geothermal technology C．the potential of Japan's geothermal energy is great D．it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan 解析：由最后两段“...believed Japan could produce 80，000 megawatts(兆瓦)and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology...”可知，日本在地热能方面有着巨大的潜力，故选C项。‎ 答案：C Passage 5‎ A blind baby is doubly handicapped. Not only is it unable to see, but because it cannot receive the visual stimulus(刺激)from its environment that a sighted child does, it is likely to be slow in intellectual development. Now the ten－month－old son of Dr and Mrs Dennis Daughters is the subject of an unusual psychological experiment designed to prevent a lag(滞后)in the learning process. With the aid of a sonar－type electronic that he wears on his head, infant(婴儿) Dennis is learning to identify the people and objects in the world around him by means of echoes(回声)．‎ The device is an improvement of the “Sonicguide”， an instrument produced by Telesensory Systems, Inc., of Palo Alto, Calif, and used by blind adults in addition to a sane or guide dog. As adapted for Dennis, it consists of a battery－powered system about the size of a half dollar that is on a headgear. A transmitter sends out an ultrasonic(超声的) pulse that creates an 80 degree cone of sound at 6 feet. Echoes from objects within the cone are perceived (felt) as sounds that vary in pitch(音调) and volume(音量) with the size and distance of the object.‎ The closer an object is, the lower the pitch, and the larger the object, the louder the signal. Hard surfaces produce a sharp ping, while soft ones send back signals with a slightly fuzzy quality. An object slightly to the right of Dennis' sends back a louder sound to his right ear than to the left. Thus, by simply moving his head right and left and up and down, he can not only locate an object but also get some notion of its shape and size, thanks to the varying qualities of sounds reaching his ears as the cone of ultrasound(超声波) passes its_edge. Dennis likes to use the device to play a kind of peek－a－boo with his mother. Standing on his knee and facing her directly, he receives a strong signal in both ears. By turning his head away, he makes her seem to disappear. “From the first time he wore it，” says Mrs Daughters, “it was like a light going on in his head.”‎ 12‎ What remains to be determined is how well the device will help Dennis cope with his surroundings as he begins to walk and venture further into his environment.‎ Meanwhile, Telesensory systems, Inc., is working on the development of sonar(声呐) device with somewhat the same sensitivity as Dennis' for use by school－age children.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了一项针对盲童的学习过程的研究。‎ ‎1．Dr and Mrs Daughters' research is directed to ‎ ________．‎ A．helping the blind to see and learn as well as others B．benefiting the learning process of blind children C．solving blind children's psychological problems D．finding out how children develop intellectually 解析：首段第三句末的不定式“to prevent a lag(滞后) in the learning process”表明了Daughters夫妇研究的目的。另外，文章一开头就提到了本文讨论的重点是针对blind baby的，由此可见，选项B为本题答案。‎ 答案：B ‎2．Infant Dennis becomes the subject of the experiment most probably because ________．‎ A．he already lags behind the sighted children B．he leads a life as normal as any other children C．he is at the early stage of the learning process D．he has the aid of a sonar－type electronic device 解析：首段首句提到的“a blind baby”，第三句提到的“ten－month－old”和末句提到的“infant”等词都表明“Dennis”成为研究对象是因为Daughters夫妇研究的是盲童从小的学习过程，“Dennis”年龄很小，正处于学习的最初阶段，符合Daughters夫妇做研究的条件，因此选项C为本题答案。‎ 答案：C ‎3．What can we learn about infant Dennis' device?‎ A．It's the first design that was designed for blind adults.‎ B．Its battery is as small as a half－dollar coin.‎ C．It is functionally similar to a sane or guide dog.‎ D．It has been improved by Telesensory Systems, Inc.‎ 解析：第二段首句中的“improvement”表明Dennis用的声呐定位仪是“Sonicguide”的改良版，‎ 12‎ 也就是说“Sonicguide”是Dennis的声呐定位仪的原型。根据该句对其功能的描述可以确定选项A为本题答案。‎ 答案：A ‎4．In the third paragraph, “its edge” refers to “________”．‎ A．the edge of an object B．the edge of the device C．the boundary of Dennis' movement D．the boundary of the pitch 解析：第三段第四句中的“thanks to”表明此处解释了Dennis的声呐定位仪的运作机制，即通过声波描绘物体的形状，该句中the cone指的就是该定位仪，而its edge应指周围物体的边缘。当声波碰到物体的边缘时，就能通过声音描绘出物体的形状了，因此本题答案应为A。‎ 答案：A ‎5．What is Telesensory Systems, Inc. most likely to think about infant Dennis' device?‎ A．It had better be used by blind children from ‎ school age.‎ B．It needs improving for use in a complicated environment.‎ C．It may not be so suitable for the blind adults.‎ D．It benefits blind children in terms of learning.‎ 解析：由末段末句中的“school－age children”及句中的其他内容可以推断Telesensory Systems最可能认为Dennis的声呐定位仪有利于儿童的学习过程，因此选项D为本题答案。‎ 答案：D 12‎