2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：选修8+unit+3 12页

‎[话题素材——发明创造]‎ 好词 ‎1．achieve vt. 达到；取得 2.ambitious adj. 有雄心壮志的 ‎3．birthplace n. 出生地；故乡 4.confident adj. 自信的 ‎5．creative adj. 富有创造力的 6.be enthusiastic about 对……热心 ‎7．make efforts to_do sth. 努力做某事 8.regard...as... 认为……是……‎ ‎9．make great contributions to 对……做出巨大贡献 ‎10．set a good example to 为……做出好榜样 ‎11．be honored as 被誉为……‎ ‎12．make_a_decision 作决定 ‎13．be skilled in sth. 在……方面熟练 ‎14．develop an interest in 在……方面发展兴趣 ‎15．cause wide public concern 引起公众的广泛关注 佳句 ‎1．The most important thing in life is_to_have_a_great_aim,_and the determination to_achieve_it.‎ 人生最重要的是要有远大的志向和实现志向的决心。‎ ‎2．When he went to college, he first chose to work_on_medicine but then changed_his_mind.‎ 他大学时先从事医学学习，但后来却改变了主意。‎ ‎3．He is_considered_as a creative scientist and people have come to love him.‎ 作为一位极具创造力的科学家，人们已经开始喜欢他了。‎ ‎ [精美语篇]‎ Leonardo da Vinci， whose family was poor， was born in 1452. Besides painting， he also became interested in machines when he was a boy. By studying and drawing them， Leonardo gained knowledge about their design and structure. Different from others， his drawing skills enabled him to produce clear drawings of his mechanical ideas easily. Even more than 500 years later， many of his designs can still be used to create perfect working machines. While making inventions Leonardo was also painting. Today we think of him as one of the greatest painters， but if he had never been a painter， we would still appreciate him as one of the greatest inventors of his time.‎ ‎ 高频单词 ‎1．distinguish (vi.&vt.) 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别 ‎2．passive (adj.) 被动的；消极的；被动语态的→active 积极的 ‎3．seize (vt.) 抓住；捉住；夺 ‎4．freezing (adj.) 冰冻的；严寒的 ‎5．bear (vt.) 忍受；忍耐；负担→bore (过去式)→born (过去分词)‎ ‎6．tap (vt.&vi.) 轻打； 轻拍；轻敲 ‎7．practical (adj.) 实际的；实践的；实用的→practise (v.) 练习→practice (n.) 练习，实践 ‎8．merciful (adj.) 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→mercy (n.)宽大；仁慈 ‎9．convenient (adj.) 便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience (n.) 便利；方便→inconvenient (adj.) 不方便的；引起麻烦的 ‎10．caution (n.) 小心；谨慎→cautious (adj.) 小心的；谨慎的→cautiously (adv.) 小心地；谨慎地 ‎11．expectation (n.) 预料；期待；期望→expect (v.) 预料；期待；期望；认为→unexpected (adj.) 未预料到的 ‎12．innocent (adj.) 清白的；无罪的；天真的→innocence (n.) 天真；清白 ‎13．associate (vt.) 联想；联系 (n.) 同伴；伙伴→association (n.) 协会；社团；联合；联想 ‎ 重点短语 ‎1．call_up　　　　　　　　给……打电话 ‎2．set_about 开始；着手 ‎3．dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 ‎4．set_out_(to_do) 开始(做)‎ ‎5．get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过 ‎6．now_and_then 偶尔；有时 ‎7．hang_on 不挂断；紧紧握住；稍等 ‎8．out_of_order 次序颠倒；发生故障 ‎9．ring_back 回复电话 ‎10．ring_off 挂断电话 ‎ 热点句型 ‎1．there seems to be...“好像有……”‎ The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there_only_seemed_to_be (看来只有) powders designed to kill snakes.(教材P20)‎ ‎2．only＋状语从句引导的倒装句式 Only_after_you_have_had_that_recognition (只有在得到这种认可之后)can_you say that you are truly an inventor.(教材P21)‎ ‎3．nor...until...“直到……才……”‎ Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's.(教材P21)‎ 直到你的产品被证实与其他任何人的都不同你才能获得专利。‎ ‎4．It's a matter of...“这是……的问题”‎ Now it's a_matter_of waiting and hoping.(教材P21)‎ 现在，只是等待和期望了。‎ ‎5．every time“每次……”引导时间状语从句 Every_time(每次)you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before.(教材P25)‎ ‎6．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句 Follow_it_up(跟随它)，explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.(教材P25)‎ ‎ 教材复现 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．When I ________ (call) up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.‎ 答案：called　由was可知空处也应用一般过去时，故填called。‎ ‎2．Can you get rid ________ them please?‎ 答案：of　get rid of“除掉；去掉；摆脱”。‎ ‎3．I set about ________ (research) the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.‎ 答案：researching　set about doing“着手做……”。‎ ‎4．But once ________ (pick) up, they tried to bite me.‎ 答案：picked　they与pick up为被动关系，故应填过去分词picked。‎ ‎5．As they were ________ (poison) snakes, I clearly needed to improve my design again.‎ 答案：poisonous　此处应用形容词修饰snakes，故填poisonous“有毒的”。‎ ‎6．________ (press) by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition.‎ 答案：Pressed　I与press为被动关系，故应填pressed。‎ ‎7．The criteria are so strict ________ it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.‎ 答案：that　so...that...“如此……以致于……”。‎ ‎8．There are a large number of patent examiners, too, ________ only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or not.‎ 答案：whose　该句为定语从句，先行词为patent examiners，从句中缺少定语，故填whose。‎ ‎9．It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit ________ led to his most famous invention—the telephone in 1876.‎ 答案：that　该句为强调句型，故填that，被强调部分为句子的主语。‎ ‎10．Bell was fully aware ________ the importance of his invention.‎ 答案：of　be aware of“意识到；察觉到”。‎ ‎1　　distinguish　vt.显示……的差别；辨认；辨别 Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.(P20)‎ 这回我有机会来表现一下自己了。我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以捉住蛇又不会伤害它们。‎ ‎(1)distinguish between...and... 区分/辨别……和……‎ distinguish...from... 使……有别于……‎ distinguish oneself (as...) (作为……)表现突出 ‎(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for... 因……而出名 ‎(3)distinguishable adj. 易分辨的；能区分的 ‎①[2014·北京高考]Distinguish_between research reports and public health advice.‎ 区别研究报告和公共健康建议。‎ ‎②[2013·上海高考]By the time we are adults, we have the ability to distinguish around 100,000 faces.‎ 等到成年的时候，我们就有能力分辨大约十万张面孔。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]Reading good books enriches our mind and teaches us to distinguish_between_right_and_wrong.‎ 读好书能充实我们的头脑，教会我们分辨是非。‎ ‎2　　convenient　adj.便利的；方便的；就近的 They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall. (P20)‎ 它们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里去了。‎ ‎(1)It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是方便的 be convenient to 对……很方便 ‎(2)convenience n. 方便；便利；省事 at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候 for convenience 为了方便 ‎①[2014·天津高考]The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life.‎ 汽车是一种方便的交通方式，但是，我们已经使之成为了我们的生活方式。‎ ‎②[2015·陕西高考]If you are interested, please send an application email at your earliest convenience to Ms Chen at chenlaoshi@ aef.com.‎ 如果您感兴趣的话，请尽快在您方便时将申请书以电子邮件形式发送给陈女士，网址为chenlaoshi@ aef.com.。‎ ‎③Come and see me whenever it_is_convenient_to_you.‎ 只要你方便，随时过来看我。‎ ‎3　　bear　vt.忍受；忍耐；带有；显示(标记或特征)‎ I can't bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue. (P24)‎ 我无法忍受烧烤架上香肠的焦糊味。‎ ‎(1)can't bear to do sth./doing sth. 不能忍受做某事 ‎(2)bear in mind that...＝bear/keep sth. in mind 记住……‎ ‎(3)bear a heavy burden 肩负重担 bear responsibility 承担责任 ‎①[2014·重庆高考]Therefore, we should all bear_in_mind Kurt Vonneguf's advice：“We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.”‎ 因此，我们应牢记库尔特·冯内果的名言：“我们是伪装的人，所以要小心我们的伪装”。‎ ‎②[2014·浙江高考]Your new neighbors may be feeling lonely and unsure, and might appreciate a friendly face bearing freshbaked chocolate cake.‎ 你的新邻居或许正感觉孤独和不确定，可能会喜欢一张友好的面孔和新出炉的巧克力蛋糕。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]He couldn't bear_being/to_be_made_fun_of like that.‎ 他不能忍受被那样嘲笑。‎ ‎4　　expectation　n．预料；期待；期望 This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. (P21)‎ 这是因为我预料蛇还会再咬人。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(1)beyond/against expectation 出乎意料 in expectation of 预料；期望；指望 live_up_to one's expectation 不辜负某人的期望 meet/come up to one's expectation 达到某人的期望 ‎(2)expect vt.& vi. 期望；预料；预计 expect sth./to do sth./that... 期望……/期望做……/期望……‎ be expected to_do... 被期望/应该做某事 expect sb. to do... 期望某人做某事 ‎①[2015·陕西高考]I am sure that I can perfectly live_up_to_ your_expectations.‎ 我相信我能完全达到您的期望。‎ ‎②[2015·湖北高考]Considering this, you might expect the book to_be a dry recitation of facts.‎ 想到这些，你可能认为这本书仅是事实的枯燥的背诵。‎ ‎③We know that Mary will do well, but she has succeeded beyond_expectation.‎ 我们知道玛丽会做得不错，但没想到她竟取得了出乎意料的成功。‎ ‎5　　associate　vt.联想；联系　associated　adj.关联的；联合的 Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody's life. (P26)‎ 虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。‎ ‎(1)associate sb./sth. with sb./sth. 把……和……联系在一起；由……联想到……‎ be associated with...和……有关 associate with sb. 与某人交往或打交道 ‎(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；团体 in association with... 与……合伙/合作 ‎①[2014·江苏高考]Most positive emotions are_associated_with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like.‎ 大多数的积极情绪与亲近行为有关：我们更加靠近我们喜欢的人。‎ ‎②[牛津词典]I don't like you associating_with those people.‎ 我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。‎ ‎③Through science we've got the idea of associating progress with the future.‎ 通过科学我们知道，应该把未来与进步联系起来。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear ________ (let) it happen again.‎ 答案：to let　can't bear to do...“不能忍受做……”。‎ ‎2．[2014·重庆高考]The elephant ________ (seize) a nearby branch and put it into her mouth.‎ 答案：seized　句意：大象抓住了附近的一个树枝然后放到嘴里。由and连接并列谓语动词put可知此处也应用一般过去时，故填seized。‎ ‎3．It's not easy for experts to distinguish this kind of flu in humans ________ regular human seasonal influenza.‎ 答案：from　distinguish...from...“把……和……区分开”。‎ ‎4．[2015·陕西高考]The host is put in an unpleasant situation and this man seldom thinks of the ________ (convenient) caused to all the waiters, the management staff, etc.‎ 答案：inconvenience　句意：主人被置于一个不愉快的处境中并且这个人很少考虑到给全体服务员和管理人员等带来的不便。由句意及空前的the一词可知此处应填名词inconvenience“不便；麻烦”。‎ ‎5．She ________ (tap) me on the shoulder but I didn't feel it.‎ 答案：tapped　由提示词didn't可知空处也应用一般过去时，应填tapped。‎ ‎6．[2013·天津高考]Grandma's happiness came from modest ________ (expect) of life.‎ 答案：expectations　句意：祖母的幸福感来自于对生活的不太高的期望值。由句意可知应用名词形式。‎ ‎7．[2014·安徽高考]Some people say that classical music ________ (associate) only with old people.‎ 答案：is associated　句意：一些人说古典音乐只与老人有关联。be associated with“和……有关”。‎ ‎8．In the meeting, he put forward ________ (practice) suggestions.‎ 答案：practical　修饰名词suggestion应用形容词practical，意为“实际的；实用的”。‎ ‎9．We can only hope the court is ________ (mercy)．‎ 答案：merciful　由空前is可知应用形容词形式merciful“宽大的；仁慈的”。‎ ‎10．At last she interrupted ________ (abrupt) what he was saying.‎ 答案：abruptly　句意：最后她突然打断了他的话。修饰动词应使用副词形式。‎ ‎1　　call up 给……打电话；使……回忆起 When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.(P20)‎ 我给住在乡下的母亲打电话时，她感到很心烦。‎ ‎(1)call at 拜访(某个地点)‎ call off 取消；停止 call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召 call for呼吁；需求，需要；去接(某人)‎ call out 大声地说出；召唤某人 ‎(2)ring/call back回复电话 ring off/hang up 挂断电话 give sb. a ring/call给某人打电话 ‎(3)hang/hold on不挂断电话 ‎①The picture called_up memories of her childhood.‎ 这张照片唤起了她童年的记忆。‎ ‎②[2014·湖南高考]Janda argues that education is the key. She calls_for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their behaviour in them.‎ 扬达认为教育是关键，她呼吁有一个集中的项目去教给人们关于这些建筑以及他们在其中的行为。‎ ‎③[2014·福建高考]But when they passed the tomb of Clinderella's mother, the birds called_out to the prince.‎ 但是当他们经过灰姑娘母亲的墓时，这些鸟大声地向王子叫喊。‎ ‎2　　get through 接通电话；做完；用完；通过；完成 I can't get through.(P26)‎ 我接不通电话。‎ ‎(1)get (sth.) across (to sb.)(使某事)传播或为(某人)理解 get along with sb.与某人相处；进展 get away with sth.携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚 get down to sth./doing sth.开始做某事；认真处理某事 get over克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来 ‎(2)go through经历，检查 look through浏览；仔细查看 live through活过……；经过……之后仍然活着 ‎①[2014·湖北高考]I've been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the net work. I can't seem to get_through.‎ 整个晚上，我一直试图给查尔斯打电话，但肯定线路出问题了，我就是打不通。‎ ‎②[牛津词典]He's not very good at getting his ideas across.‎ 他不太善于清楚地表达自己的思想。‎ ‎③It was his warmth and care that helped me get_through the hard time.‎ 是他的温暖和关心帮我渡过了那段艰难的日子。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 set about； dive into； get rid of； hang on； call on； ring off； set out； out of order ‎ ‎1．We ________ a coffee shop to avoid the rain.‎ 答案：dived into ‎2．[2015·湖南高考]The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to ________ the street dirt.‎ 答案：get rid of ‎3．[2013·天津高考]They ________ people and the government to take measures to fight against it.‎ 答案：call on ‎4．I'm sorry, but I've to ________ now. I have a train to catch.‎ 答案：ring off ‎5．[2013·江西高考]In recent years, Nepal ________ to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education.‎ 答案：set out ‎6．He was overlooked when they ________ choosing a new manager.‎ 答案：set about ‎7．My clock was ________ and woke me up at 3 this morning.‎ 答案：out of order ‎8．________ at your present job until you can get another.‎ 答案：Hang on ‎1　　...but it_was_not_until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.(P25)‎ ‎……但是贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。‎ 该句为强调句型。句式结构为It is/was＋not until...＋that＋其他，意为“直到……才……”。‎ ‎ (1)在not...until...的强调句结构中，只用until，不用till。但如果不是用在强调句型中，till与until可通用。另外主句中的否定词not要提出来，放在until之前一起强调，因此that后面的从句要用肯定句，不能再用否定句。‎ ‎(2)not until位于句首时，主句要用倒装语序，构成“not ‎ until从句＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”结构。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2015·重庆高考]Bach died in 1750, but it_was_not_until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.‎ Bach死于1750年，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全认可。‎ ‎②[2013·天津高考]It_was_not_until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.‎ 直到快接近信的结尾处她才提到了自己的计划。‎ ‎③Not_until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.‎ 直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．It was not until she got home ________ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.‎ 答案：that　该句为强调句型，由该句型结构可知应填that。‎ ‎2．[2013·湖南高考]It was not until I came here ________ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.‎ 答案：that　考查强调句型。‎ ‎3．[2013·福建高考]Not until he went through real hardship ________ (realize) the love we have for our families is important.‎ 答案：did he realize　not until位于句首时，主句需部分倒装，再结合空前went一词可知应用过去式，填did he realize。‎ ‎4．Not until next week ________ the sports meet be held.‎ 答案：will　由时间状语next week可知应用一般将来时，应填will。‎ ‎5．It was not ________ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ________ I found we had a lot in common.‎ 答案：until; that　考查not until的强调句型，由其句型结构可知应填until和that。‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 I didn't recognize him until he took off his glasses.‎ ‎→________________________________________(改为强调句)‎ ‎→________________________________________(改为倒装句)‎ 答案：It was not until he took off his glasses that I recognized him.‎ Not until he took off his glasses did I recognize him.‎ 复习过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语 过去分词作定语 ‎1．及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示与所修饰的名词构成被动和完成的关系。这时，相当于一个定语从句。‎ The meeting, which was attended by a lot of people, was a success. (用分词改写)‎ ‎→The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success.‎ ‎2．有些不及物动词的过去分词(只限于单个分词，且不能后置)也可作定语，此时只表示“完成”的动作，而不表示“被动”的意义。‎ We drank some boiled (boil) water and went on with our work.‎ 过去分词作表语 ‎　过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等。‎ When hearing of it, we were deeply moved (move)．‎ 过去分词作宾语补足语 ‎　过去分词作宾补，与前面的宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。‎ ‎1．过去分词可作表示感觉或心理状态的动词的宾语补足语，这类动词有see, hear, watch, notice，observe, feel, find, think, consider等。‎ She felt a great weight taken (take) off her mind.‎ ‎2．过去分词可作使役动词的宾语补足语，这类动词有make, have, get, keep, leave等。‎ We will keep you informed (inform) of whatever happens.‎ ‎3．过去分词可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词有want, like, wish, expect等。‎ He won't like such questions discussed (discuss)at the meeting.‎ ‎4．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构中。‎ The thief was brought in, with his hands tied (tie) behind his back.‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．[2015·福建高考]Teams of four, ________ (dress) in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50metre course.‎ 答案：dressed　考查be dressed in的用法。Teams of four与dress为被动关系，且作定语，故用dressed。‎ ‎2．[2014·四川高考]The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________ (develop) after great effort.‎ 答案：developed　develop与new products之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。‎ ‎3．It is believed that the novel is well ________ (write)．‎ 答案：written　考查过去分词作表语。the novel与write之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎4．Most of the people ________ (invite) to the conference were my old friends.‎ 答案：invited　Most of the people与invite为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎5．[2013·北京高考]When we saw the road ________ (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.‎ 答案：blocked　the road与block为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。‎