2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（7） 11页

‎2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（7） ‎ Passage Seventeen (On the President’s Program)‎ President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits, research grants, education reforms, and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.‎ The most liberal wing of the President’s party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs.‎ The Republicans, however, decry even the modest, graduated tax increases in the President’s program. They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy, let it through defence spending.‎ Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances, then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this, no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of technological excellence to reinvest, that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors.‎ So the crux is the technology and that is where the President’s program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed, it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to restructure our economy now, we may not get a second chance.‎ ‎1.The focus of the President’s program is on ‎[A] investment.‎ economy.‎ ‎[C] technology.‎ ‎[D] tax.‎ ‎2.What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party?‎ ‎[A] They want a more direct action.‎ They want an incomes policy to check inflation.‎ ‎[C] They want to rebuild industry.‎ ‎[D] They want a wall of protective tariffs.‎ ‎3.What is the editor’s attitude?‎ ‎[A] support.‎ distaste.‎ ‎[C] Disapproval.‎ ‎[D] Compromise.‎ ‎4.The danger to the plan lies in ‎[A] the two parties’ objection.‎ different idea of the two parties about the plan.‎ ‎[C] its passage.‎ ‎[D] distortion.‎ ‎5.The passage is ‎[A] a review.‎ a preface.‎ ‎[C] a advertisement.‎ ‎[D] an editorial.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.reverse            逆转 ‎2.slide            滑坡 ‎3.plague            瘟疫；折磨，困扰 ‎4.tariff            关税 ‎5.decry            谴责，诋毁 ‎6.lever            杠杆；用杠杆撬动 ‎7.crux            症结 ‎8.ideologue      空想家，思想家 ‎9.intact            原封不动的，完整无损的 ‎10.investment credit      投资信贷 ‎11.research grant      研究基金 难句译注 ‎1.This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.‎ ‎【参考译文】这对扭转经济滑坡；滑到失业高，增长少和已经困扰经济达6年之久贸易赤字来说是必要的。‎ 写作方法与文章大意 这是一则有关总统向国会提交的经济计划评论。作者采用对比手法来突出其计划之正确性，第一段就讲了计划的涉及面：投资、研究、教育、税收等，目的是制止经济滑坡，提高美国工业竞争力。‎ 第二、三两段叙述了计划遭两方面的反对，总统党内的右翼要求更强硬，更直接的行动，而共和党对即使逐渐稍稍提高一点税收都予以谴责。‎ 第四段提出两者都忽略我们面临经济问题的独特性质。它不是市场或财政问题。掌握新技术的人大量增产，而不能采用新技术的人面临在世界经济中成为二等公民的危险。工业不能达到先进水平，就不能有效地竞争，那么任何保护主义或进入外国市场都不能长期奏效。没有技术优势的经验和利润的再投资，工业经济只能依然落后于外国竞争对手。‎ 最后一段点出总统计划的要点就是工艺技术。作者提出：要求全面通过这一重新建设计划。如果我们不能重建经济，我们可能不会有第二次机会。‎ 答案详解 ‎1.C ‎ 工艺技术。最后一段第一句“问题的症结就在于工艺技术，这就是总统计划的要点所在。”第四段：“对掌握新技术的人来说，新技术使他们大大增产，而新技术对不能掌握它的人来说，在世界经济中他们面临沦为永久性的二等公民的危险。如果不能做到这一点，那么任何政府保护主义，进入国际市场都不能有效地竞争。如果不能有技术优势的利润和经验再投资，工业只能进一步落后于国外竞争对手。”这些都说明总统计划的重点再工艺技术。‎ A.投资。D.税收。只是总统计划的涉及面。B.经济。太笼统了。‎ ‎2.A 更直接行动。第二段“总统的党内几段自由翼要求更强硬、更直接行动。他们要求用收入（税收）政策来制止通货膨胀；联邦财政在关税保护下，帮助重建工业。”‎ B.他们需要制止通货膨胀。C.重建工业。D.保护关税墙。都只是他们要求中的不分内容，不完整。‎ ‎3.A支持。第四、五段集中了评论者的观点，支持的理由和论点。‎ B.厌恶。C.不赞成。D.调和妥协。‎ ‎4.D歪曲。最后一段第二句：“其危险不在于计划将不被通过，而在于左和右的思想理论家们用修正案来歪曲提案，使计划要点蒙尘模糊不清，经济重建计划应原封不动地通过。”这是作者的态度，也是他所担心之处。‎ A.两党的反对。B.两党对计划的不同看法。C.它的通过。‎ ‎5.D 社论。‎ A.评论。社论也是评论的一种，但它是报纸主编所撰，常常是有关国内外大事评论。B.前言。C.广告。‎ Passage Eighteen (Strictly Ban smoking)‎ If you smoke and you still don’t believe that there’s a definite link between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This needn’t make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. In Britain for instance, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death.‎ You don’t have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It’s almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivable, be harmful, it doesn’t do to shout too loudly ‎ about it.‎ This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.‎ Of course, we are not ready for such a drastic action. But if the governments of the world were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, you’d think they’d conduct aggressive anti-smoking campaigns. Far from it! The tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisement always depict virile, clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!‎ For a start, governments could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warning – say, a picture of a death’s head – should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals, we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.‎ ‎1.Why do a few governments take timid measures toward smoking?‎ ‎[A] because they are afraid of people.‎ Because diseases cost a lot.‎ ‎[C] Because they are afraid of the cutting down of their revenue.‎ ‎[D] Because they are afraid of manufacturers.‎ ‎2.The tone of this passage is ‎[A] critical.‎ ironical.‎ ‎[C] distaste.‎ ‎[D] amusing.‎ ‎3.What does the sentence “because you are in good company” mean?‎ ‎[A] you are backed by the government.‎ You are not alone.‎ ‎[C] You have good colleagues.‎ ‎[D] Governments are blind to evils of smoking too.‎ ‎4.What is the best title of this passage?‎ ‎[A] World Governments should conduct serious campaigns against smoking.‎ World governments take timid measures against smoking.‎ ‎[C] smoking is the most important source of income to many countries.‎ ‎[D] tobacco industry spends a large sum of money on medical research.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.a wishful thinking            根据愿望的想法，不顾事实的想法 ‎2.puff                  喷 ‎      puff its way to   一路吞云吐雾走向（指抽烟抽到死）‎ ‎3.lukewarm                  冷淡/漠然 ‎4.insidious            阴险的，狡猾的 ‎5.virile                  年富力强的 写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇“要求政府禁烟”的论说文，采用因果对比手法。先以讽刺口吻指出政府对禁烟的态度――软弱无力。然后点明软弱的原因――大量税收。再以抽烟大严重后果，机器所花去的钱说明得不偿失。而烟草工业广告泛滥，毒化人们。从而提出政府应从禁止烟广告作起。‎ 答案详解 ‎1.C ‎ 因为他们害怕收入减少。答案见第二段。“你不用看得很远就能发现为什么官方对医学成果的反应如此冷淡，答案就是钱。烟草是征税的最奇妙的商品，几乎就像日用面包的税收。光烟草税收一项，英国政府就从抽烟人身上征到足以支付整个教育措施的费用。所以在当局那么谨慎地指出吸烟有害时，可以想象，喊叫得太响时不行的。”‎ A.他们害怕人民。D.他们害怕厂商。文中没有。B.疾病花费很大和软弱无力的禁烟措施有关。不是花费大而采取弱政策。‎ ‎2.B 讽刺语气。特别表现在第一段、第四段。‎ A.批评语气，整篇文章都在批评，这不是什么语气问题。这里时以讽刺的口吻加以批评政府软弱的禁烟政策。C.厌恶。D.有趣。‎ ‎3.D 政府对吸烟的恶果也是视而不见。‎ A.政府支持。太明朗化。B.你不是单独一人。和C.你有好同事，都是似是而非的答案。这可以上下文说明，第一段：“假如你吸烟，依然认为吸烟和支气管炎、心脏病、肺癌等毫无关系，那你是自欺欺人。可没有人会说你虚伪。我们可以说你是患有一厢情愿病。这你无需太难受，因为你有好伙伴。每当提出吸烟和健康有关的问题时，大多数国家的政府对其恶果视而不见、听而不闻、嗅而不觉。”‎ ‎4.A 世界各国政府应该开展眼里的禁烟运动。因为前面四段都是现象：⑴政策软弱。如英国政府只在电视上禁止烟草广告以高位人们的良知。另一方面人民继续一路吞云吐雾走到癌症死亡。⑵讲烟草的税收高，所以不严禁。⑶这项政策的后果是疾病花费大于烟草税收。⑷烟草广告泛滥毒害人。唯一解救的办法就是禁烟。最后一段是结论，也是画龙点睛的主题和标题。“作为起步，政府可以从禁止烟草广告开始，然后应开展抵制吸烟的广告运动。一切公共场合，如戏院、电影院、返点等应禁止吸烟。应竭尽全力告诫青年，尤其是告诫他们染上恶习的严重后果。在零卖的每包烟盒上应有一令人胆战心惊的警告：例如，一幅骷髅头画像。作为个人，我们力量薄弱，可是如果政府真诚地鼓舞人心的行动起来，他们可以保护我们。”‎ B.世界各国政府采取禁烟政策软弱无力。C.吸烟是许多国家重要收入。这两项是不分具体内容。D.烟草工厂在医疗研究上花了大笔费用。‎ Passage Nineteen (TV’s Harmfulness)‎ Yes, but what did we use to do before there was television? How often we hear statements like this! Television hasn’t been with us all that long, but we are already beginning to forget what the world was like without it. Before we admitted the one-eyed monster into our homes, we never fond it difficult to occupy our spare time. We used to enjoy civilized pleasures. For instance, we ‎ used to have hobbies, we used to entertain our friends and be entertained by them, we used to go outside for our amusements to theatres, cinemas, restaurants and sporting events. We even used to read books and listen to music and broadcast talks occasionally. All that belongs to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the goggle box. We rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that programme. We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal, exchanging the news of the day. A sandwich and a glass of beer will do – anything, providing it doesn’t interfere with the programme. The monster demands and obtains absolute silence and attention. If any member of the family dares to open his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced.‎ Whole generations are growing up addicted to the telly. Food is left uneaten, homework undone and sleep is lost. The telly is a universal pacifier. It is now standard practice for mother to keep the children quiet by putting them in the living-room and turning on the set. It doesn’t matter that the children will watch rubbishy commercials or spectacles of sadism and violence – so long as they are quiet.‎ There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world. Every day, television consumes vast quantities of creative work. That is why most of the programmes are so bad: it is impossible to keep pace with the demand and maintain high standards as well. When millions watch the same programmes, the whole world becomes a village, and society is reduced to the conditions which obtain in preliterate communities. We become utterly dependent on the two most primitive media of communication: pictures and the spoken word.‎ Television encourages passive enjoyment. We become content with second-hand experiences. It is so easy to sit in our armchairs watching others working. Little by little, television cuts us off from the real world. We get so lazy, we choose to spend a fine day in semi-darkness, glued to our sets, rather than go out into the world itself. Television may be s splendid medium of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other. We only become aware how totally irrelevant television is to real living when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains, far away from civilization. In quiet, natural surroundings, we quickly discover how little we miss the hypnotic tyranny of King Telly.‎ ‎1.What is the biggest harm of TV?‎ ‎[A] It deprives people of communication with the real world.‎ People become lazy.‎ ‎[C] People become dependent on second-hand experience.‎ ‎[D] TV consumes a large part of one’s life.‎ ‎2.In what way can people forget TV?‎ ‎[A] Far away from civilization.‎ To a mountain.‎ ‎[C] By the sea.‎ ‎[D] In quiet natural surroundings.‎ ‎3.What does a mother usually do to keep her children quiet?‎ ‎[A] Let them watch the set.‎ Put them in the living room.‎ ‎[C] Let them watch the rubbish.‎ ‎[D] Let them alone.‎ ‎4.What does the first sentence in the first paragraph mean?‎ ‎[A] We found it difficult to occupy our spare time.‎ We become addicted to TV.‎ ‎[C] What we used to do is different from now.‎ ‎[D] We used to enjoy civilized pleasures.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.goggle            转动眼珠，瞪眼 ‎   goggle box   （英俚）电视机 ‎2.gulp            狼吞虎咽 ‎3.telly            电视机 ‎4.pacifier            平息者，抚慰者。这里指平静人，使人不吱声的东西。‎ ‎5.rubbishy            垃圾的，无价值的 ‎6.sadism            施淫虐 ‎7.glue            胶（水）；粘牢 ‎   glue to the sets  和电视机粘在一起，指成了电视迷 ‎8.hypnotic            催眠的 难句译注 ‎1.There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world.‎ ‎【参考译文】世界上可以获得的创造性才能的数量是有限的。‎ 写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇论说“电视有害”的文章。采用对比分析手法。先提出问题，对比过去和现在“过去在业余时间，我们享受文明的欢乐，有各种嗜好，招待朋友，访友，外出娱乐，在家读书听音乐……现在一切受电视支配。匆忙赶回家，狼吞虎咽地吃完饭为的是准时看某个电视节目。只要不干扰节目，吃什么都可以！一块三明治，一杯啤酒就行。看时，谁都不许说话，完全没有了过去的那种悠闲，坐在一起吃晚饭，相互交谈白天的一切。”‎ 然后列出电视种种恶果：整个几代人成了电视迷，连孩子也不能幸免，电视消耗了大量的创造性工作，人们成为以来电视生存的人，被动娱乐，制止我们和真实世界交流。‎ 最后结论：到大自然去，忘掉电视。‎ 答案详解 ‎1.A 它剥夺了人们和真实世界的联系。文章多次提到现在我们不能探亲访友，一家人互不交流，而一旦离开电视就进入了真是世界。‎ B. 人变懒。C. 人们变得依赖二手经验。D. 电视浪费了人生的大量时间。这三项只是危害重具体一个组成部分。‎ ‎2.D 在安宁的大自然的怀抱中。答案在最后一段最后一句“在安详宁静的大自然环境中，我们很快发现我们对催眠的电视暴君连想都不怎么想！”‎ A. 远离文明。B.去山上。C.在海边。‎ ‎3.A 叫他们看电视。这在第二段第三句起“电视是一个万能安静器。母亲为使孩子们安静，就把他们放在起居室内，打开电视看。这是现在最权威的一招。至于孩子们看的使垃圾般的商业广告，还是施淫虐或暴力片都无关紧要，只要他们安静不闹。”‎ B.把他们搁在起居室。C.让他们看垃圾片。都是其中的具体一部分。D.让他们呆着。没有提到。‎ ‎4.B ‎ 我们都成了电视迷。第一句“是的，可是没有电视之前，我们常干些什么？”这说明人们已经习惯于电视，以来电视，到了没有电视怎么办的境地。不知道没有电视前的情况。第二段“整个几代人越来越迷上了电视，饭不吃，家务不干，不睡觉。”可以说整篇文章都描写了人们对电视迷恋，依赖。第一句话是引言。所以B对。‎ A. 难以消遣。只是人们的一种感受。C.过去和现在不同。是一种对比，并没有点出这句话的真正内涵。D.享受文明欢乐。是过去所作的一个具体例子。‎