外研社初一英语下知识点综合打印 6页

‎ 初一英语下册重要知识点 ‎ 名词、代词作宾语 He enjoys his job. 他喜爱他的工作。‎ ‎1、enjoy享受，喜欢+ 名词作宾语 ‎ 动词ing I enjoy playing football. 我喜欢踢足球。‎ ‎ 动词ing 相关词组：enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得愉快 I am enjoying myself in the zoo.=I am having a good time in the zoo.我在动物园玩得很愉快。‎ 2、 ‎ dress +人 I dressed myself. 我自己穿衣服。‎ ‎ 穿衣的动作 常用短语get dressed 穿衣服 Your sister is getting dressed.你的妹妹正在穿衣服。‎ ‎ put on +衣物 I put on my coat. 我穿上我的大衣。‎ ‎ wear +衣物 She is wearing a dress. 她正穿着一件连衣裙。 ‎ ‎ 穿着的状态 ‎ ‎ in+衣物颜色The boy in a blue coat is my brother.穿蓝色外套的那个男孩是我弟弟。‎ 3、 ‎ a lot 很、非常=very much Thanks a lot for your help. = Thank you very much for your help.‎ ‎ 非常感谢你的帮助。‎ ‎ lots of = a lot of 许多，+可数与不可数名词 ‎ There are a lot of money in my hand. = There are lots of money in my hand. 我手上有许多钱。‎ 4、 want 的用法 ‎ want sth. 想要。。。I want an apple.‎ ‎ want to do sth. 想要做。。。I want to eat an apple.‎ ‎ want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做。。。I want you to eat an apple.‎ ‎ want sb. not to do sth. 想要某人不要做。。。I want you not to eat an apple.‎ 5、 get ready for 为。。。准备好 Are you getting ready for English text?你准备好英语测试了吗？‎ ‎ be ready 准备好了 Are you ready? 你准备好了吗？‎ ‎ be ready to do sth. 愿意乐于做某事 He is ready to help her.‎ 6、 ‎（1） at work 在工作，中间不加the My parents are at work. 我的父母在工作。‎ ‎ （2） on的用法小结 ‎ ①接近靠近 Guilin is on the Ri Liver.‎ ‎ ②在。。。。上 on the table ‎ ③指具体的某一天 on New Year’s Day ‎ ‎ ④关于=about She is reading on/about sports ‎ ⑤on 与某地接壤Jilin is on the north of Liaoning.‎ ‎ （3） in on to 表示方位的区别 in on to ‎ in 位于某范围之内 Shanghai is in the east of China.‎ ‎ on 与某地接壤 Jilin is on the north of Liaoning.‎ ‎ to 两地相离 Japan is to the east of China.‎ ‎ （4）on + 名词 的短语 on holiday 在度假 on duty 值日 on fire 着火 on TV 在电视上，通过电视 on business 出差 ‎ 2、 ‎ a few + 可数名词 There are a few people in the shop now. ‎ ‎ 一些、表肯定意义 现在商店里有一些人。 ‎ ‎ a little + 不可数名词 I have a little money. 我有一些钱。‎ ‎ few + 可数名词 There are few people in the shop now. ‎ ‎ 很少几乎没有、表否定意义 现在商店里没有人。‎ ‎ little + 不可数名词 I have little money. 我没有钱。‎ ‎ ※同义句转换：There are few people in the shop now. = There aren't a few people in the shop now. ‎ ‎ I have little money. = I don't have a little money. ‎ 3、 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. bring sb. sth. = bring sth. for sb.‎ ‎ send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. ‎ ‎ show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. ‎ ‎ Eg. I will buy my father a present. = I will buy a present for my father.‎ ‎ Please give me a pen. = Please give a pen to me.‎ 4、 bring 带来，把人或物带到说话地点 Please bring me some water. 请带给我一些水。 ‎ ‎ take 带走，把人或物带离说话地点 Let's take the girl to the hospial. 让我们带这女孩去医院。 ‎ ‎ carry 搬，扛 Please help me carry the heavy box. 请帮我搬下这重的盒子。‎ 5、 ‎（1）interesting 有趣的 The story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。‎ ‎ interested 常用固定搭配 be(getfeelbecome) interested in 对。。。感兴趣 ‎ I am interested in sport news. 我对体育新闻感兴趣。‎ ‎（2）exciting 令人兴奋的 The film is very exciting. 这电影真令人兴奋。‎ ‎ excited 感到兴奋 I'm so excitied to hear that. 我听到那个感到很兴奋。‎ 6、 ‎（1）look forward to +动词ing 名词 期待做某事 ‎ I am looking forward to seeing my grandfather. 我正期待看到我的爷爷。‎ ‎（2）hope to do sth. 希望做某事 I hope to see you tomorrow.‎ 7、 有关到达的短语 get(from)...to...从。。。到。。。How do you get from Lingui to Guilin?从临桂怎么到桂林？‎ ‎ reach 与 get to 为及物动词 in +城市、国家等 arrive 为不及物 常接介词 ‎ ‎ at+车站等 He arrives ingets toreaches Beijing today. 他今天到达北京。‎ 8、 一些固定搭配 ‎ teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 ‎ ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 9、 care for 喜欢，想要，爱好 ‎ Would you like a drink? = Would you care for a drink?‎ 10、 there be 的将来时 There is going to be an English text next week. 下周将有一个英语测验。‎ ‎=There will be an English text next week.‎ 2、 I think you are right. 我认为你是对的。改为否定句 I don't think you are right. ‎ ‎18、population单数，用large或small修饰 ‎ What’s the population of ﹢地点=How many people are there in﹢地点 句型转换：What’s the population of Guilin? = How many people are there in Guilin?‎ The population of Guilin is (be) 6 million.‎ ‎ 19、millon的用法 数字+million 表示多少百万 1million 5million ‎ millions of 数百万 类似的词还有：hundred hundreds of ‎ thousand thousands of ‎20、be famous as 作为。。。。出名 Jackie Chan is famous as an actor.‎ ‎ be famous for 因为。。。出名 Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.‎ ‎ be famous to 对。。。来说出名 Chairman Mao is famous to every Chinese.‎ ‎21、be good at 擅长 +名词 She is good at English.‎ ‎ +doing She is good at studying English.‎ ‎ 同义词 do well in She does well in studying English.‎ ‎ 反义词 be weak in I am weak in maths.‎ ‎ 拓展：be good for 对。。。有益 ‎ Doing more exercise is good for your health.‎ ‎22、need的用法 作实义动词 需要 +名 I need some apple.‎ ‎ +to do sth. I need to eat lunch.‎ ‎ 变否定 I don’t need …….‎ ‎ 作情态动词，后跟动词原形，只用于否定，疑问，条件 ‎ 否定形式为needn’t ‎ You needn’t be afraid.‎ ‎ Need you go now?‎ ‎ Yes, I must. / No, I needn’t.‎ ‎ 23、英语中有关乘坐交通工具的表达 ‎ (1)by +交通工具 =介词(on,in)+修饰词(a/物主代词)+交通工具，如： ‎ ‎ by bus = in one's bus = on a bus ‎(2)by +交通工具 = take + 修饰词(the/物主代词) + 交通工具 + to，如 ‎ He goes to work by bus. = He takes the bus to work.‎ ‎ I go to New York by work by plane. = I take the plane to New York.‎ ‎ 24、句型 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间 ‎ It 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 ‎ It takes her an hour to finish the work. 她需要一小时完成这项工作。‎ ‎ It takes me ten minutes to get to school. 我到达学校花费10分钟的时间。‎ ‎ 类似的句型：It is +adj. +(for sb.) + to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事是。。。。‎ ‎ to do sth.是主语 ‎ To skate in winter is interesting for me.=It is interesting for me to skate in winter.‎ ‎ 冬天滑冰对我来说很有趣。‎ ‎ 25、be born 出生（一般用于过去式）‎ ‎ Where were you born?‎ ‎ 相关词组：be born in+出生地年 I was born in China2001.‎ ‎ be born on+具体的某一天 I was born on May 22, 2001.‎ ‎ 26、strict 严格的 ‎ be strict with 对某人要求严格 Our teacher is very strict with us.‎ ‎ be strict in sth. 对某人要求严格 He is strict in his work.‎ ‎ 27、like ‎ (1) V. 喜欢 +Ving I like playing baketball.‎ ‎ (2)prep. 像  be like 像。。。样子（指性格） What were they like?‎ ‎ ‚look like 看起来像 What does he look like? He looks like his mother.‎ ‎ 28、There are lots of things to do in the class.‎ ‎ 不定式作定语 ‎ I have something to tell you.‎ ‎ Have you got anything to do this evening?‎ （1） 用adj.修饰 a beautiful girl an interesting book （2） 用to不定式修饰 lots of things to do ‎ a pen to write with a child to look after ‎ 拓展：不定式作主语 ‎ It takes sb. some time to do sth.‎ ‎ It is +adj. +(for sb.) + to do sth. ‎ ‎29、with （1） 具有，带有 I have a house with a garden.‎ （2） 和。。。一起 play with Mary is playing with her dog.‎ （3） 与and 的区别 My mother and I are going shopping.‎ ‎ I with my mother am going shopping.‎ ‎30、decide to do sth. = make a decision to do sth, 决定做某事 ‎ ‎ I decide to study hard. = I make a decision to study hard.‎ ‎ ※后接to do的词 want sb.to do 想要某人做某事 ‎ plan to do sth. 计划做某事 ‎ would like to do sth. 想要做某事 ‎ ask sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事 ‎31、try doing sth. 试着去做某事 She tried riding a horse.‎ ‎ try to do sth. 尽力去做某事，结果往往不成功 He tried to give up smoking but he failed at last.‎ ‎※后接ing 的词 likelove enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 ‎ finish doing sth. 完成做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 ‎ thank you for doing 感谢做某事 ‎32、change into.......变成 Ice changed into water because of heat.‎ ‎ change ......into........把。。。。变成。。。。。Who can change ice into water?‎ ‎33、die dead death 的区别 ‎ die v. 死 现在分词dying He died in 2011.‎ ‎ dead adj. 死的 可与一段时间连用 He was dead for 1year.‎ ‎ death n. 死亡，去世 His death shocked me.‎ ‎34、go away 走开、离开 Don’t go away without telling me. 不要不告诉我就离开。‎ ‎ 归纳：含有away的常见短语：‎ ‎ run away 逃跑 The two boys ran away after they broke the window.‎ ‎ take away 拿走，带走 Please take away your clothes.‎ ‎ fly away 飞走 I noticed one of the birds fly away.‎ ‎35、at the age of “在、、、岁时”，后面接具体的年龄 ‎ = when sb. was …year(s) old 或者 at + 数字 ‎ He began to learn English at the age of four.‎ ‎ = He began to learn English when he was four years old.‎ ‎ = He began to learn English at four. 他四岁开始学英语。‎ ‎36、marry sb. 与。。。结婚 Marry married John. 玛丽嫁给了约翰。‎ ‎ get married to 和。。。结婚 ‎ be married to ‎ ‎ She gotwas married to a teacher.‎ ‎37、join，take part in, attend 都有“参加”的意思，具体区别如下：‎ ‎ join指参加某一组织或团体（如入党或参军），并成为其中一员。‎ ‎ He joined the army last year. 他去年参军了。‎ ‎ take part in指参加某种活动（如运动会sport、活动activity等），并在其中发挥积极作用。‎ ‎ Did you take part in the sports meeting? 他参加运动会了吗？‎ ‎ attend指出席（会议meeting）；到场；上（课）等。‎ ‎ Who attended the meeting? 谁出席了会议？‎ ‎38、snow v.下雪 n.雪 ‎ 剖析：1）作动作，意为“下雪”。如：It snowed heavily last night. 昨夜下了大雪。‎ ‎ 2）作名词，意为“雪”。如：The mountain is covered with snow. 山被雪覆盖着。‎ ‎ 3）snowy adj. 下雪的。如：It will be snowy tomorrow. 明天将下雪。‎ ‎ 类似用法的词：rainrainy cloudcloudy windwindy ‎39、询问对方意见或看法 ‎ What do you think of ......? 你认为。。。怎么样？What do you think of my new shoes?‎ ‎ How do you like......? 你觉得。。。。？ How do you like Chinese food?‎ ‎ What 's your ideaopinion about.......? 你关于。。。的意见怎样？‎ ‎ What 's your ideaopinion about plan?‎ ‎40、through 从一端到另一端，从中间穿过 The thief got in though the window.‎ ‎ across 从表面穿过 You can't go across the street.‎ ‎ over 越过 Can you jump over the wall.‎ ‎41、(1)spend 花费，以人作主语，sb. + 时间金钱+ on sth. 花费。。。在某物上 ‎ sb.+ 时间+ （in）doing sth. 花费多少时间做某事 ‎ He spends two hours on his homework.‎ ‎ He spends two hours in doing his work.‎ ‎(2)take 固定句型It takes sb. some time to do sth. ‎ ‎ It takes him two hours to finish his homework. 他花了两小时完成作业。 ‎ ‎(3)cost 物+cost+sb.+钱 This book costs me 10 yuan. 这本书花了我10元。‎ ‎42、say......to sb. ‎ say hello to sb. 向某人问好 say goodbye to sb. 向某人告别 say sorry to sb 向某人道歉 say no to sb. 拒绝某人