中考英语复习（语法专项案）十五 直接引语和间接引语 18页

十五、直接引语和间接引语 一、定义 直接引述别人的话，叫直接引语。被引用的部分放在引号里。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语，间接引语不用引号，在多数情况下是以宾语从句的形式出现。 二、直接引语和间接引语的变化规则 ( 一 ) 人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新 用法 举例 一随主 直接引语中的第一人称根据间接引语中的主语作相应的变化 He said, “ We love our country. ” → He said that they love their country. 他说他们热爱自己的国家。 She said to me, “ I have left my books in your room. ” → She told me she had left her books in my room. 她对我说她把书落在我屋里了。 用法 举例 二随宾 直接引语中的第二人称根据间接引语中的主句的宾语作相应的变化 Tom asked me, “Are you a teacher? ” →Tom asked me if I was a teacher. 汤姆问我是否是一名老师。 He asked me , “Do you have a computer? ” → He asked me if I had a computer. 他问我是否有计算机。 用法 举例 第三人称不更新 直接引语中的第三人称在间接引语中不发生变化 Bill said, “ She is my elder sister. ” →Bill said that she was his elder sister. 比尔说她是他的姐姐。 The teacher told Mary’s parents , “ Mary is a good girl. She is always ready to help others. ” → The teacher told Mary’s parents that Mary was a good girl and she was always ready to help others. 老师告诉玛丽的父母说，玛丽是一个好女孩，她总是乐于助人。 ( 二 ) 时态的变化 直接引语 间接 引语 例句 一般现在时 一般过去时 Tom said, “I usually get up at six. ”→Tom said (that) he usually got up at six. 汤姆说他通常六点起床。 一般过去时 过去完成时 Mike told me, “I walked to school yesterday. ” →Mike told me he had walked to school the day before. 迈克告诉我他昨天步行去上学的。 直接引语 间接引语 例句 现在进行时 过去进行时 Nina told me, “Linda is watching TV at home. ”→Nina told me (that) Linda was watching TV at home. 尼娜告诉我琳达正在家看电视。 一般将来时 过去将来时 She said, “I will see you at the same place tomorrow. ” →She said (that) she would see me at the same place the next day. 她说她第二天要在同一个地点见我。 直接引语 间接引语 例句 现在完成时 过去完成时 Betty said, “I have worked in this factory for over ten years. ”→Betty said (that) she had worked in that factory for over ten years. 贝蒂说她在那家工厂工作有十多年了。 过去完成时 过去完成时 Bob told me, “I had lived here for years before I moved out. ”→Bob told me that he had lived there for years before he moved out. 鲍勃告诉我他在那儿住了多年才搬走。 ( 三 ) 指示代词、时间和地点等变化 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this these that those 时间状语 now today tonight this week yesterday last week three days ago tomorrow next week then that day that night that week the day before the week before three days before the next day the next week 直接引语 间接引语 地点状语 here there 方向性动词 bring come take go 三、直接引语与间接引语的转换 用法 例句 (1) 如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，引导词用 that ，但在口语中通常省略，时态、人称和状语都应作相应的变化 “ I’m a teacher. ” she said. → She said that she was a teacher. 她说她是一名教师。 Bill said to me, “ I like English very much. ” →Bill told me that he liked English very much. 比尔告诉我说他非常喜欢英语。 Betty said, “ I am going to buy a bike tomorrow . ” →Betty said ( that ) she was going to buy a bike the next day . 贝蒂说她第二天要买一辆自行车。 用法 例句 (2) 如果是一般疑问句，要用连词 whether 或 if 引导，后面用陈述语序，时态、人称和状语都应作相应的变化 “ Are you a student ？” Ann asked. →Ann asked me whether (if) I was a student. 安问我是否是一名学生。 The teacher asked me, “ Can you swim? ” →The teacher asked me whether (if) I could swim. 老师问我是否会游泳。 用法 例句 (3) 如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，要用相应的疑问词 who, whom, whose, how, when 等引导，助动词 do, does 或 did 要舍弃，并把疑问语序改为陈述语序 “ What are you doing ? ”my father asked. →My father asked what I was doing . 爸爸问我在做什么。 “ When did you come here ? ”he asked. →He asked me when I went there . 他问我什么时候去那儿。 用法 例句 (4) 如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时多用“名词（代词） + 不定式”结构，否定句在 to 前面加 not; 引述动词常用 ask“ 请求”， tell“ 告诉”， order“ 命令”等 “Please sit down. ” Jim said to me. →Jim asked me to sit down. 吉姆请我坐下。 “ Don’t make any noise. ” the teacher told us. →The teacher told us not to make any noise. 老师告诉我们别出声。 按要求改写句子 1. (2012· 安顺中考 )“Jack, can you help with the dinner? ”Jack’s mother asked. （改成间接引语） Jack was asked ______ he ______ help with the dinner. 答案： if; could 2. (2012· 孝感中考 )A: The teacher said to the students, “Don’t take mobile phones to school. ” （改为同义句） B: The teacher told the students ______ ______ take mobile phones to school. 3. (2011· 济南中考 )My friend asked me“Can you make fruit salad? ”( 改写句子，句意不变 ) My friend asked me ______ I ______ make fruit salad. 答案： 2. not to 3. if; could 4. (2011· 上海中考 )Are there any new markets in Asia? The sales manager wants to know. ( 合并为一句 ) The sales manager wants to know ______ there ______ any new markets in Asia. 5. (2011· 乐山中考 ) “Will you please open the window? ” she said to him. ( 将直接引语改为间接引语 ) She ______ him ______ open the window. 答案： 4. if; are 5. asked; to