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2020-2021年新高三英语一轮复习 Unit 2 Working the land

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2020-2021 年新高三英语一轮复习 Unit 2 Working the land 【核心素养分析】 语言知识 :要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。 1.考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型 项目 单词及其词性变化(语法填空必备) 重点单词 1.struggle vt. & vi.斗争;拼搏;努力 2.output n.产量;输出 3.hunger n.饥饿;欲望→hungry adj.饥饿的;有欲望的 4.expand vt. & vi.使变大;伸展;阐述→expansion n.扩大;增加 5.circulate vt. & vi.循环;流传→circulation n.循环流通 6.battle n.战役;战斗;较量;斗争 vt. & vi.搏斗;奋斗 7.therefore adv.因此;所以;因而 8.equip vt. & vi.配备;装备→equipment n.设备(不可数) 9.export vt. & vi.输出;出口→import vt. & vi.输入;入口;进口 10.nationality n.国籍→nation n.国家;民族→national adj.国家的;国有的 11.occupation n.工作;职业;占领→occupy vt.占领 12.confuse vt.使迷惑;使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的→confusion n.迷惑 13.regret vt.遗憾;惋惜 n.遗憾;懊悔→regretful adj.后悔的 14.chemical adj.化学的;关于化学的→chemistry n.化学→chemist n.化学家;药剂师 15.bacteria n.(bacterium 的复数形式)细菌 16.reduce vt.减少;缩减;简化→reduction n.缩小;减少 17.summary n.总结;摘要;概要→summarize vt.总结 18.comment n.评论;议论 vi. & vt.表达意见;作出评论 重点短语 1.thanks to 幸亏;由于 2.rid...of 摆脱;除去 3.be satisfied with 对……感到满意 4.would rather 宁愿;宁可 2. 语法基础知识——非谓语动词 主题语境:话题——人物介绍(人与自我) 语言技能:能在主题语境下,运用所学的语言知识写出日常生活事物的应用文,能够以较丰 富的语言写出读后续写的故事。 【基础巩固】 考点 1.struggle n.& vi.斗争;拼搏;努力 【归纳拓展】 5.build up 逐渐增强;建立;开发 6.lead to 导致;造成 7.focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于 8.keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等); 使……不含(有害物) 9.make a difference 造成差异,很重要 10.keep in mind 牢记在心 11.cause damage to 对……造成危害 12.in addition 再者,还有 13.turn to 转向 经典句型 (高考书 面表达必 备) 1.Dr. Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交 水稻”的稻种。 2.This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. 这种特别的稻种使得同样的田地多收获 1/3 的产量。 3.Using his hybrid rices, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的杂交水稻种子,农民们种出比以前多一倍的粮食。 4.He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。 必备语法 (高级句 型) 非谓语动词 struggle with/against 与……搏斗/斗争 struggle for sth./to do sth. 努力/争取…… struggle through 奋力通过 struggle to one‘s feet 挣扎着站起来 struggle on/along (虽艰难仍)继续做某事 with a struggle 费劲地 【典例 1】 语法填空 1. Johnson, _________(struggle) for months to find a job, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. 【答案】having struggled 【解析】句意:Johnson 努力了几个月找工作,最后在当地的一家广告代理处谋了个职位。 句中谓语动词是 took 和 struggle 的主语都是 Johnson,此处做状语用动词-ing 形式;且两个 动词有动作先后,struggle 发生较早要用完成形式,故填 having struggled. 2.______(struggle) for our dreams, as the principal addressed at the graduation ceremony, offers us a sense of belonging. 【答案】Struggling 【解析】句意:为我们的梦想而奋斗,正如校长在毕业典礼上指出到那样,为我们提供了一 种归属感。A.Being struggled 表示正在被奋斗;B. Struggling 是动名词形式,努力;C. Struggle 奋斗;D. To be struggled 将被努力,是动词不定式到被动形式。Struggling 做句子到主语, 故填 Struggling。 3. Although knocked down by a car, he managed _______(struggle) to his feet. 【答案】to struggle 【解析】句意:尽管被汽车装懂了,他还是挣扎着站了起来。此处是 manage to do sth。故 填 to struggle。 【变式】 单项选择 1.(2019·江苏高三期末) A new monetary policy will take effect next month. Really good news, especially for those companies that _______ with money. A.have struggled B.struggled C.have been struggling D.had struggled 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意:---新的货币政策将于下月生效。---这真是个好消息, 尤其是对那些一直在为钱发愁的公司来说。分析句子成分可知,companies 为先行词,在后 面的定语从句中作主语,分析句意可知,定语从句的时态为现在完成进行时,表示从过去某 一时间开始 struggle 的动作一直在进行, 并有可能持续下去, 强调动作的全过程。故 C 选项 正确。 2.(新疆兵团二中期中)________ with depression, eating disorders and alcohol abuse for years, he now understands how important being healthy is. A.Struggling B.Having struggled C.Struggled D.Having been struggled 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在与抑郁、进食障碍和酗酒抗争多年后,他现在知道了健 康的重要性。此题考查非谓语动词作状语,struggle 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系;又因 为 struggle 表示的动作发生在 understands 之前,所以用现在分词的完成式,故选 B。 3.(2019·黑龙江哈尔滨市第六中学校高三月考)India attained ________ independence in 1947, after ________ long struggle. A.不填; a B.the; a C.an; 不填 D.an; the 【答案】A 【解析】考查冠词。句意:印度在一段长时间的斗争之后,在 1947 年获得了独立。independence 意为:独立,不可数;a long struggle 一段长时间的斗争。故选 A 项。 完成句子 (1)They had to _________ ______ their lives ______ weather and wild animals.为了生存他们必 须与天气和野兽抗争。 (2)They had to _________ ____________ all kinds of difficulties.他们得和各样的困难作斗争。 (3)She _________ ______ ______ ______ ______ her attacker.她挣扎着想摆脱那个袭击她的 人。 (4)______ ______ ______ __________, the old woman gained control of her business. 经过长期努力,这位老妇人在业务上已能应付自如。 【答案】(1)struggle for against(2)struggle with / against(3)struggled to get away from (4)After a long struggle 考点 2.rid vt.摆脱;除去 【归纳拓展】 be/get rid of 去掉,摆脱;抛弃 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 be free of... 摆脱…… 【典例 2】 语法填空 1. One day we will manage to rid the world ______this terrible disease. 【答案】of 【解析】考查动词短语。句意:有一天我们会使世界摆脱这种可怕的病—癌症。此处 rid; of 使…摆脱,故填 of。 2.(上海期中)According to the report, these are the food you should avoid ________(get) rid of the deadly illness. 【答案】to get 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:根据报告,这些是你应该避免的食物,以摆脱致命的疾病。 根据句意可知,此处表示目的,应该用不定式作目的状语,故填 to get。 【变式】 语法填空 1.(江苏高二期末)Once ________ of some unnecessary worries, you’ll find your life so peaceful and colorful. A.ridding B.having been rid C.being rid D.rid 【答案】D 【解析】考查分词做状语。动词短语 rid sb of sth 清除某人某物;本句中使用了分词做状语 用法,动词 rid 与句子主语 you 是动宾关系,所以使用过去分词形式。句意:一旦去除一些 不必要的担忧,你会发现生活是如此的宁静和多姿多彩。A 项表述主动,B 项更多强调已经 完成,C 项强调正在进行。D 项更多强调被动。故 D 项正确。 2. The old man ______________ toothache sighed in great relief. A.ridding of B.rid of C.having rid of D.to rid of 【答案】B 【解析】考查被动语态。句意:这个摆脱了牙痛的老人放松地叹了口气。这里过去分词表被 动,因为主语是 the old man,和 rid 是被动关系,所以选 B 项。 完成句子 (1)One day we will manage to ______ ______ ______ ______ this terrible disease. 总有一天我们有办法使这种可怕的疾病在世界上绝迹。 (2)You must ______ _________ ______ these old-fashioned ideas.你必须摒弃这些陈旧观念。 (3)We‘ll have to ______ ______ ______ him. 我们必须摆脱他。 (4)How can we ______ ______ ______ all the flies in the kitchen? 我们怎样才能把厨房内的苍蝇统统消灭掉? 【答案】(1)rid the world of(2)rid yourself of(3)get rid of(4)get rid of 考点 3.equip vt.& vi.配备;装备 【归纳拓展】 equipment n. [U]装备;设备 equip sb./sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/物 equip sb./sth. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而准备 sb. be equipped to do sth. 某人有准备做某事 equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 be equipped with sth. 装备有某物 a piece of equipment 一件设备 【典例 3】 语法填空 1.We have 24 offices, each ____(equip)with computers. 【答案】equipped 【解析】“我们有 24 个办公室,每个都配备了电脑。”be equipped with“配备”,句中没有连 词所以用非谓语形式,故填 equipped。 2. The rooms ____(equip)with video cameras. 【答案】are equipped 【解析】考查固定短语。句意:房间里装有摄像机。Be equipped with 装备,配备。根据题 意,故填 are equipped。 3.The experts advise _______ our army with modern weapons. 【答案】equipping 【解析】考查固定搭配。固定搭配 advise doing sth 建议做某事;equip sb with sth 用…装备…; 句意:这位专家建议做现代化的武器装备我们的军队。故填 equipping。 4.(2020·南京外国语学校高三)____ (equip)with global vision and the spirit of innovation is crucial to China's young generation. 【答案】Being equipped 【解析】考查动名词。句意:全球视野和创新精神对于新一代的中国青年来说很重要。句中 缺主语,故用动名词短语作主语。词组原为“be equipped with”,但此处该词组做主语,be 不能省略,需用 being。故填 Being equipped。 5.―Who would you like to recommend as chairperson of our research institute? ―Anyone ____ (equip)with open mind and rich knowledge 【答案】equipped 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:——你想推荐谁担任我们研究所的所长?―任何有开放的 思想和丰富的知识的人。分析句子可知,equip 在句子中做 anyone 的后置定语,故填 equipped。 6. He is a skillful worker. I am sure he has enough experience to fix all the (equip). 【答案】equipment 【解析】考查名词。句意:大卫是个熟练的工人,我确信他有足够的经验来安装所有的电子 设备。equipment 意为“设备,装备”,为不可数名词,故填 equipment。 【变式】 单项选择 1._________with enough ability for the present job, Mike was not fit for it and he had to quit it. A.Not equipping B.Not equipped C.Not to be equipped D.Having not been equipped 【答案】B 【解析】考察形容词用法。固定搭配 equip sb with sth 给某人配备 sth;转换成 sb be equipped with…某个配备着…;这里的 equipped 已经转换成形容词。句意:因为不具备做现在这份工 作的能力,Mike 不适合这份工作,所以他不得不辞职。根据句意本句的 not equipped with enough ability for the present job 是一个过去分词转换的形容词短语在句中作原因状语。故 B 正确 2. ____ with a new type of machine, the explorers went into a cave, hoping to find some buried treasure. A.Equipping B.Equipped C.Being equipped D.Having equipped 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:探险家们装备了一种新型机器,进入一个山洞,希望能找 到埋藏的财宝。此处与主语 the explorers 构成逻辑动宾关系,应使用过去分词作状语;这里 并不强调动作的进行,所以不能选 C 项。故选 B。 完成句子 (1)Our classroom ______ ________ ______ a TV set and a tape recorder. 我们的教室里配有一台电视和一台录音机。 (2)A good education should ______ ______ ______ ______.良好的教育能使你受用终生。 (3)Our school has been given ______ ______ __________. 我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。 【答案】(1)is equipped with (2)equip you for life (3)some new equipment 考点 4.regret vt.遗憾;惋惜 n.遗憾;懊悔 【归纳拓展】 refuse with much regret (many regrets) 婉言拒绝 to one's regret 令人遗憾的是 feel regretful for....对……感到后悔 express regret for/at/over sth... 对……表示遗憾 regret+n./pron./doing/having done 后悔做某事 regret+that-clause 后悔,遗憾…… regret to say/tell/inform... 很抱歉地说/告诉/通知…… It's much to be regretted that... 令人遗憾的是…… 【典例 4】 语法填空 1.(2020·江苏省清江中学高三)You may not have noticed that problem, but you could never withdraw it should you feel ______(regret)about your decision. 【答案】regretful 【解析】句意:你可能没有注意到那个问题,但是如果你对自己的决定感到后悔,你就永远 不能收回了。此处 feel 是系动词,其后用形容词,故填 regretful。 2. Much ___________ our regret, the proposal concerning health food production was rejected for the lack of fund required. 【答案】to 【解析】句意:令我们非常遗憾的是,由于所需资金不足,有关保健食品生产的建议被拒绝 了。 此处 to one’s regret 意为:令某人遗憾的是。故填 to。 3.( 2020·睢宁县双沟中学高三)While I once made some mistakes, I won’t spend a moment of the future ______(regret)what might have been. 【答案】regretting 【解析】句意:虽然我曾经犯过一些错误,但我不会花一点时间去后悔可能会发生的事情。 此处是 spend….doing sth。故填 regretting。 4. We regret ________ (inform)you that your application has been refused. 【答案】to inform 【解析】句意:我们很遗憾地通知您,您的申请已被拒绝了。regret to do sth.“遗憾地做某事”, 符合句意。根据句意可知“通知”动作还没有发生过,故填 to inform。 5.(2019·江苏南京师大附中月考)--- Robert is indeed a wise man. --- Oh, yes. How often I have ______(regret) not taking his advice! 【答案】regretted 【解析】考查动词。句意:——罗伯特的确是个聪明人。——哦,是的。我常常后悔没有采 纳他的建议。此处 regretted 遗憾,后悔。注意双写。故填 regretted。 【变式】 单项选择 1.(2019·赤峰二中月考)Eventually, he regretted ______ school and decided to go back. A.being left B.left C.to leave D.having left 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:最后,他后悔离开学校并决定返回校园。regret doing 表 示“后悔做某事”,leave 这一动作发生在 regretted 和 decided 之前,所以用动名词的完成式作 宾语,故 D 项正确。 2.( 2019·黑龙江铁人中学期末)Had he taken his parent’s advice, he ______ having made such a silly mistake now. A.would not regret B.would not have regretted C.may not regret D.may not have regretted 【答案】A 【解析】考查混合虚拟语气。句意:如果他听了父母的劝告,他现在就不会后悔犯了这样一 个愚蠢的错误了。本句考查 if 引导的混合条件虚拟语气,即从句和主句根据各自假设的时 间不同,分析本句可知,从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反,故主句中用 would/should/could/might do 结构。故选 A。 完成句子 (1)He regretted _________ ______ careless. =He regretted ______ ______ ______ ______ careless.他对于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。 (2)I regret ______ ______ you that we are unable to offer you employment. 我遗憾地通知你,我 们不能雇用你。 (3)______ ______ ______ ______, I must leave now.令我很遗憾的是,我现在必须离开了。 (4)We heard ______ ______ that you were not successful in your plan. 听到你的计划不能顺利 进行,我们觉得很可惜。 【答案】(1)having been;that he had been(2)to inform(3)Much to my regret(4)with regret 考点 5.reduce vt.减少,缩减 【归纳拓展】 reduce one's expenditure 减少某人的开支 be reduced to despair 陷入绝望 reduce to... 降至…… reduce by... 减少了…… 【典例 5】 语法填空 1.( 2020·广东执信中学期末)The number of teenagers who commit crimes _________(reduce) by 20% over the past years. 【答案】has been reduced 【解析】句意:过去这些年,青少年犯罪率减少了 20%。根据主语是 the number 和后面的 over the past years 可知,用完成时。故填 has been reduced。 2.(北京高三月考)That is the only way we can imagine ________(reduce)the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. 【答案】to reduce 【解析】“做某事的方法”可以说成是 the way to do sth, the way of doing sth,或者 the way+从 句。本题中 way 有两个定语:一个是从句 we can imagine(来修饰 the way,the way 作 imagine 的宾语,可以用关系词 that/which,也可省略。本句中就是省略),另一个是 to reduce。句 意:这是我们能想出来的减少学生洗漱用水过多的唯一的方法 。故填 to reduce。 3.(2019·天津期中)In my opinion, the key to ____(reduce)air pollution is to inspire people to take public transport in big cities. 【答案】reducing 【解析】句意:在我看来,在大城市减少空气污染的关键是鼓励人们乘坐公共交通。the key to doing sth.“做某事的关键”,故填 reducing。 4.(2020·江苏高三)Promoting the conservation of energy and carbon footprint ______(reduce) is an essential part of building an ecological civilization. 【答案】reduction 【解析】句意:提升能源保护和减少碳足迹是建设生态文明的重要组成部分。此处名词作主 语,故填 reduction。 【变式】 1.(天津高三)___________the effect of culture shock, he is trying to read a lot about it before going to France for further study. A.To reduce B.Reduced C.Reducing D.Having reduced 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了减轻文化冲击的影响,在去法国深造之前,他正尽力 看很多这方面的书。他是为了减轻文化冲击的影响才 read a lot about it,表示目的,故要用 不定式结构,故选 A 项。 2.( 2019·上海复旦附中期中)The 1920s ushered in the era of the motor car, thus greatly ______ the amount of time it took people to travel to work. A.reduced B.being reduced C.to reduce D.reducing 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:20 世纪 20 年代迎来了汽车时代,从而大大缩短了人们上 下班的时间。分析句子结构可知 reduce 在句中作非谓语动词,且表自然而然的结果应用现 在分词 reducing。故选 D。 完成句子 (1)He persuaded them to ______ the price ______ $1 000. 他设法使他们的价格降到 1 000 美元。 (2)Production costs have ______ ________ ______ one third. 生产成本下降了 1/3。 (3)The fire __________ the forest ______ a few trees. 大火把森林烧得仅剩下几棵树了。 【答案】(1)reduce to(2)been reduced by(3)reduced to 考点 6.focus n.(兴趣、活动等的)中心;焦点 v.(使)集中,聚集;(使)聚焦 【归纳拓展】 be in focus 焦距对准;清晰 be out of focus 焦距没对准;模糊 bring sth. into focus 把某物集中在焦点上 focus sth. on (upon) sth.=fix...on... 使……集中于…… be focused on/upon sth.=be fixed on 集中于…… 【典例 6】 语法填空 1.The recent wave of bombing has focused public attention ________ the area. 【答案】on 【解析】句意:最近的因爆炸引起的风波已经把公众的注意力集中在了这一地区。focus on sth. 把注意力(焦点)集中在……。故填 on。 2. The old man stood there with his eyes ______(focus) on the picture. 【答案】focused 【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句考查 with 所引导的独立主格形式,其后的非谓语动词和 his eyes 有逻辑关系,根据短语 focus one’s eyes on 可判断为动宾关系,表被动。句意为:老人 站在那儿眼睛盯着画看。故填 focused。 3.(2020·江苏高三期末)More than 1,200 entries by illustrators are displayed at a cartoon exhibition ________ (focus)on China’s anti-poverty achievements. 【答案】focusing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:超过 1200 条记录展示在了这个卡通片展示会中,聚焦了 中国反贫困的成就。分析句子可知,此处是非谓语动词作定语,focus 和 cartoon exhibition 之间是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词作定语,故填 focusing。 4.(2020·江苏扬州中学高三)Conservationists __________(focus)on setting aside natural reserves for the wild species they are trying to protect during the past decade. 【答案】have focused 【解析】句意:自然保护主义者在过去几十年里一直在致力于为他们尽力保护的野生动物物 种留出自然保护区。根据 during the past decade,此处应该用现在完成时。故填 have focused。 【变式】 单项选择 1.He sat there with his attention the wonderful view of the city. A.focusing on B.focusing in C.focused in D.focused on 【答案】D 【解析】考察非谓语动词。focus on 集中于; focus in 专注于。句意:他坐在那儿,注意 力集中于城市的奇妙景色。现在分词表示正在进行的伴随性动作,其逻辑主语为句子的主语。 故选 D。 2. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he ________ more on its culture. A.focus B.focused C.would focus D.had focused 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。would rather+从句,是一个常用的虚拟语气句型。 Would rather+ 从句,谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。句意:乔治将要讲述他国家的地理,我宁愿他 没有过多的关注它的地理知识。通过句意可看出不希望某人做某事,故选 B。 完成句子 (1)We should ______ ______ _________ ______ our study. 我们应该把注意力放在学习上。 (2)She felt all the eyes ______ _________ ______ her. 她觉得所有人都在注视着她。 【答案】(1)focus our attention on(2)were focused on 考点 7.comment vt.评论 n.评论,意见,议论 【归纳拓展】 ask for comment 征求意见 make comments on sth.评论某事 No comment. 无可奉告。 Without comment. 不必多说。 comment(v.)on/ upon sth.评论,对……发表意见 comment(v.)that-clause 评论…… 【典例 7】 语法填空 1.—What’s your comment _______ the match? —We could have scored, but the day was not our day. 【答案】on 【解析】句意:——你怎么评价今天的比赛。——我们本可以取得进球的,但今天不是我们 的幸运日。comment(v.)on/ upon sth.评论,对……发表意见。故填 on。 2.My 10-year-old noticed him and made __________ comment on how bad it must be to have to stand outside in the cold wind. 【答案】a 【解析】make a comment on 对……发表看法。句意:我 10 岁的孩子注意到他在寒风里站在 外面,并评论说他的情况一定很糟糕。故填 a。 3. The boss thought it would be a good idea to have ______ (comment)from his workers to improve his plan. 【答案】comments 【解析】考查名词。comments 评论。句意:老板认为,让工人们评论他的计划,这是一个 好主意。故填 comments。 【变式】 单项选择 1. When asked his attitude towards the case, he just answered, “No ______”. A. way B. comment C. opinion D. reason 【答案】B 【解析】考察词义辨析。Ano way 没门;B no comment 无可奉告,不予置评,无意见;Cno opinion 无意见;D no reasion 没有理由,没有原因。推测句意:当他被问到他对这件案子的 态度时,他只是说“无可奉告”。故选 B。 2.Famous experts are often invited to some TV programs to ___________on international situations. A.contact B.comment C.contain D.connect 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:一些电视节目经常邀请著名的专家来评论国际形势。 A. contact 联系;B. comment 发表评论;C. contain 包含;D. connect 连接。结合后文 on international situations.可知是指“评论国际形势”应用 comment。短语 comment on“对……评 论”。故选 B。 完成句子 (1)He made some useful ___________ ______ my work. 他对我的作品作了一些实用的评论。 (2)He ____________ that it was an excellent film. 他评论这部电影很精彩。 【答案】 (1)comments on(2)commented 考点 8.build up 逐渐增强;建立;开发 【归纳拓展】 build up to 为……作准备 build on 建立在……的基础上 【典例 8】 语法填空 1.You need rest ___________(build) up your strength after your illness. 【答案】to build 【解析】句意:你病后需要休息以增强体力。此处 build up 增强。根据后文 your strength after your illness 可知此处表示“增强(build up)”体力,表目的。故填 to build。 2.(浙江期中)Nowadays everyone is responsible for _____ (build)up a harmonious(和谐 的) society in China. 【答案】building 【解析】句意:目前,在中国每个人都有责任构建一个和谐社会。介词后用动名词,故填 building。 3.It takes a long time ____(build)up a good name,but this name is quickly lost by just one piece of bad behavior. 【答案】to build 【解析】句意:建立好的名声要花很长的时间,但是一个小小的行为就可以让我们失去它。 考查句型 It takes a long time to do sth。故填 to build。 4.(浙江高三月考) Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than ______ (build)up is a good way to use the earth’s space. 【答案】building 【解析】句意:地铁发展的支持者说向下发展而不是向上发展是很好利用地球空间的方法。 此处 rather than 前后是并列关系,故填 building。 【变式】 单项选择 1.With the pressure ________, she was off work for weeks because she couldn’t stand it any more. A.picking up B.making up C.building up D.putting up 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词短语:A. pick up 捡起,习得,收听,恢复,B. making up 组成,弥补, 化妆,C. building up 建立,增强,D. putting up 竖立,句意:随着压力的增加,她几个星期 不上班因为她不能再忍受了。选 C。 2.(2020·全国高三)Bears ________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through winter sleep. A.build up B.pack up C.bring up D.take up 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:黑熊在夏天储存脂肪,秋天有足够的能量去维持他们的 冬眠。A. build up 积聚,加强,增多;B. pack up 收拾行李;C. bring up 抚养,呕吐;D. take up 开始从事,占(时间,空间)。黑熊为了过冬要增加自己的脂肪,故选 A。 写出下列句子中 build up 的含义 (1)Slowly a thick layer of fat builds up on the pan's surface._____________ (2)Exercise will help build up the muscles.__________ (3)They have finally built up a big company.____________ 【答案】(1) 堆积(2)逐渐增强(3)建立 考点 9.lead to 导致;造成(后果);通向…… 【归纳拓展】 lead+n.+to sth. 引导……到…… lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事 【温馨提示】(1)lead to 中的 to 为介词,后面跟代词、名词或动名词。类似的词组还有:devote to 致力于/pay attention to 对……加以注意/object to 反对/stick to 坚持/look forward to 期 望,等等。 (2)lead to 不用被动语态。 (3)lead to 是前因后果,而 lie in (=result from) 是前果后因。 【典例 9】 语法填空 1.The good result lies ___________the correct methods, that is to say, correct methods lead ___________good result. 【答案】in; to 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。解题步骤:1.确定第一空:第一空表示“在于”短语为 lie in, 2. 确定第二空:第二空表示“导致,引起”短语为 lead to。句意:好的结果在于正确的方法,也 就是说,正确的方法导致好的结果。故填 in; to。 2.It would be very safe if you fastened the door_________(lead) to the garden. 【答案】leading 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据 I would be 可知该句为虚拟语气的用法。leading to 为非谓 语,作定语,相当于="which" leads to the garden,故填 leading。 【变式】 单项选择 1.(2019·黑龙江牡丹江一中期末)His success doesn't ____________ his cleverness, and working hard ____________ his progress. A.result in; leads to B.result from; lies in C.lead to; lies in D.lie in; leads to 【答案】D 【解析】考查短语辨析。句意:他的成功不在于他的聪明,努力工作导致他的进步。A. result in 结果是; leads to 导致;B. result from 起因于; lies in 在于;C. lead to 导致; lies in 在于;D. lie in 在于; leads to 导致。根据句意可知选 D。 2.(重庆月考)The news shocked the public, _______to great concern about students’ safety at school. A.leading B.having led C.to lead D.led 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:那个消息震惊了公众,使人们极其关注学生在校园的安全 问题。the news 和 lead 是主谓关系,即消息引起......,用现在分词表示伴随状况,shock 和 lead 两个动作是同时发生的,不需要使用分词的完成式,故选 A。 完成句子 (1)The bank has offered a reward for any information ____________ the arrest of the men. 银行悬赏任何能将这些人绳之以法的情报。 (2)What _____________________ acting as a career?是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的? 【答案】(1)leading to(2)led you to take up 考点 10. thanks to 由于;多亏(介词短语,在句中做原因状语,常置于句首或句末) 【归纳拓展】 because of 因为;由于 owing to 由于,因……之缘故 as a result of 作为……的结果,由于 due to 因为,由于(不能放在句首) on account of 由于;因为 【典例 10】 语法填空 Thanks _____ the new policy, we are now having a happy life. 【答案】to 【解析】Thanks to 多亏(介词);句意:多亏了新的政策,我们正在过着幸福的生活。故 填 to。 【变式】 ______ the new policy, we are now living in a grand, new apartment. A.In that B.Due to C.Thanks to D.In hope of 【答案】C 【解析】介词辨析。A 因为;B 因为;C 多亏(带有感情色彩);D 希望;结合句意可知 C 正确。句意:多亏了心政策,我们现在住在一个很好的新的公寓中。 完成句子 (1)I couldn't attend the meeting ______ ______ illness. 我因病不能出席会议。 (2)The delay was ______ ______ power failure. 延滞是由于停电。 【答案】(1)owing to(2)due to 考点 11. be satisfied with 对……感到满意 【归纳拓展】 be satisfied that... 满意…… be satisfied to do 乐意干…… satisfy vt.满意;使满意 satisfied adj. 感到满意的 satisfying adj. 令人满意的 satisfactory adj. 令人满意的 satisfaction n. 满意,满足 【典例】 完成句子 (1)My parents try to __________________. 我父母尽量满足我的需求。 (2)There was __________________ on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。 (3)________________________,my boss agreed to my suggestion. 很使我满意的是,老板同意了我的建议。 【答案】 (1)satisfy my needs(2)a satisfied look(3)Much to my satisfaction 考点 12. keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等) 使……不含(有害物) 【归纳拓展】 free from 没有……,免于……,无……之忧 free of 无……的;免于……的,离开了……的 free sb./sth. from... 使某人/某物自由;解放;释放 for free=free of charge 免费地,无偿地 be free to do sth. 自由地做某事 be free with sb. 对某人放肆 free as the air 自由自在 set sb. free 释放某人 【典例】 完成句子 (1)The lake ______________ pollution. 这湖没有污染。 (2)The secretary _________________ all blame for the errors.这些失误完全不能怪秘书。 (3)Try to __________________ all prejudices. 尽量消除一切偏见。 【答案】 (1)is free of(2)was free from(3)free yourself from 【考点精析】 考点 1 省略句 【教材原句】If_so,what did you do to grow them?如果是这样的话,你怎么来种植这些植 物? 【句法分析】if so“如果这样的话”,是 if 引导的条件状语从句的省略形式,表示肯定意义; 如果表示否定意义,则用 if not。 【拓展归纳】 if ever 如果有过/发生过的话 if any 如果有的话 if possible 如果有可能 if necessary 如果有必要 【例句研读】 (1) If possible,try and go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.如果可能的话,尝试每 天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。 (2) If not,in a few years' time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed. 如果不这样做的话,在几年之后,现在吸引游客的事物可能已经被破坏了。 【典例 1】 1.(2020·江苏省高三三模)If _________(accept)for the job, you’ll be informed soon. 【答案】accepted 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:如果录用你了,我们将很快通知你。本句为条件状语 从句中省略句,还原后为 if you are accepted, 因为主从句主语相同,且从句中有 be 动词,所 以主语和 are 被省略。故填 accepted。 2.(2020·江苏省扬州中学高三三模)Some institutions have established reading clubs to promote reading, but the effort, though ________(appreciate), is far from enough. 【答案】appreciated 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:一些机构已经建立了阅读俱乐部来促进阅读,但这种 努力虽然受到赞赏,但还远远不够。这句话是由 though 引导的让步状语从句,努力和赞赏 的关系是被动关系,所以这句状语从句的完整形式是 though the effort is appreciated。在状语 从句中,如果从句的主语和主句主语一致,且有 be 动词时,则省略主语和 be 动词,那么这 句话就变成 though appreciated。故填 appreciated。 3.(2020·江苏省海安高级中学高三二模)Some experts believe that the students, once ______(addict) to computer games, will probably lose opportunities of progressing. 【答案】addicted 【解析】考查省略和过去分词。句意:一些专家认为,学生一旦沉迷于电脑游戏,很可能会 失去进步的机会。固定词组:be addicted to“对……上瘾,沉迷于”。此处是连词 once“一旦” 引导的条件状语从句的省略,且相同的主语和 be 动词可以省略,所以这里是过去分词作状 语,addicted 已经演变成了形容词,故填 addicted。 4.(2020·郑州外国语新枫杨学校高三月考)Although ________(tell) to stop, he kept on working 【答案】told 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:虽然他被告诉要停下来,但是他继续工作。根据句意 “被告诉”应过去分词。told 前省略了 he was。故填 told。 3.(2020·七台河市第一中学期末)This problem may lead to more serious ones if _______ (leave)unsolved. 【答案】left 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:如果这个问题任由不解决,就会导致更加严重的问题。 主从句的主语一致的时候,可省略从句的主语和 be 动词, left="if" this problem is left unsolved。故填 left。 【变式】 单项选择 1.(2020·天津高三月考)What do you feel when _______ to yourself after your mobile phone battery runs out in the middle of a call? A.leaving talking B.left talking C.being leaving talking D.being left talking 【答案】B 【解析】考查省略句和现在分词作宾补。句意:你的手机电池在通话过程中耗尽,让你自言 自语的时候你是什么感受?leave sb. doing sth.“使某人处于做某事的状态”,宾语 you 提前做 主语,因此用被动语态。所以句中 when 引导时间状语从句的完整形式是 when you are left talking to yourself,从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且有 be 动词,因此省略从句的主语和 be 动词 you are,构成 when left talking to yourself。故选 B。 2.( 2020·江苏省高三三模)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ________, reaching 30℃ in summer. A.if not B.if ever C.if any D.if so 【答案】B 【解析】考查短语词义辨析。句意:这里的气候非常好,夏天的温度很少达到 30 度。if not 要不;if ever 如果曾经有,很少;if any 如果真有的话;if so 假如这样的话。这里意思是“夏 天的温度很少达到 30 度”。故选 B。 3.( 2020·天津高三二模)He is only too ready to help others, seldom, ____, refusing them when they turn to him. A.if never B.if ever C.if not D.if any 【答案】B 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:他乐于助人,别人向他求助时,即使有过这种情况, 他也是很少拒绝的。A. if never 如果从未发生过,指如果某件事没有发生过;B. if ever,ever 表示频率,与上文的 seldom 对应,表示“如果曾经发生过”,属于为了避免重复省略了与上 文相同的部分;C. if not 如果不是,不然的话,指如果没有某件东西;D. if any 即使有(也), 如果有的话,表示即使有某件东西。结合语境,此处表达“他很少拒绝别人,即使有过的话”, 指的是“即使有过拒绝别人这件事”,本题完整的表达为“if he ever refuses them”。故选 B。 4.( 2020·江苏省海安高级中学高三二模)Daniel has undertaken to keep the secret, so he won’t tell anyone even though ______. A.asked to keep B.to be asked C.to ask D.asked to 【答案】D 【解析】考查省略和过去分词。句意:丹尼尔答应保守这个秘密,所以即使问他也不会告诉 任何人。此处是 even though 引导的让步状语从句,从句主语和主句主语都是 he,和 ask 之 间是被动关系,相同的主语和 be 动词可以省略,所以这里是过去分词作状语,且 ask sb. to do sth.可以省略与前面相同的部分,只留下动词不定式符号 to。故选 D。 5.(2020·天津高三一模)______ in the United States, St Louis has now become the 4th largest city. A.It is the 24th biggest city B.It was the 24th biggest city C.Once the 24th biggest city D.Before the 24th biggest city 【答案】C 【解析】考查句子结构分析。句意:圣路易斯曾经是美国第 24 大城市,现在已成为第 4 大 城市。根据逗号后面的 now 可知,圣路易斯过去是美国的第 24 大城市。B 选项是句子,逗 号后面是句子,两句之间缺少连词,排除 B。A 选项时态和句法均不对,排除 A。C 选项: 曾经是美国第 24 大城市,意思正确。D 选项意思不对。故选 C。 完成句子 ____________________,I'll go there myself.如果必要的话,我将亲自去那儿一趟。 【答案】If necessary 考点 2 would rather 意为“宁愿,更愿意” 【教材原句】He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿把时间花在自己的 爱好上。 【句法分析】(1)would rather 意为“宁愿,更愿意”,后接动词原形,否定式是在 would rather 后加 not/never。 ①—Shall we dine out? —I‘d rather stay at home. ——我们要不要出去吃饭? ——我宁愿留在家里。 ②I‘d rather not tell anybody about it. 我不愿把这事告诉任何人。 (2)would rather do sth. than do sth./would do sth. rather than do sth. 意为“宁愿做某事而不去做 某事”。 ①I would rather listen to others than talk myself. 我愿意听别人说,自己不愿意说。 ②He would rather die than give in. 他宁死不屈。 (3)would rather have done sth. 意为“要是做过某事就好了;宁愿做过某事”,表示后悔或遗 憾等语气。 I would rather have taken his advice yesterday. 我昨日要是听了他的建议就好了。 (4)would rather 后接 that 从句时,从句中的谓语动词用过去时态虚拟语气。 ①I would rather (that) he didn‘t come. 我宁愿他没来。 ②I’d rather you told me the truth. 我更愿意你给我讲实话。 【典例】 (1)Would you mind my using your computer for a little while? —______. A.No, please don't B.I'd rather you didn't C.I'm afraid not D.Sure, it's my pleasure 【答案】B 【解析】考查交际用语。I'd rather you didn't. 常用来委婉拒绝别人的请求。 (2)I would rather ______ the football match last night with my friends; otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by now. A.not have watched B.not watch C.hadn't watched D.haven't watched 考点 3 What 的用法 【教材原句】Dr Yuan Longping grows what_is_called_super_hybrid_rice. 袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。 【句法分析】 what is called super hybrid rice 用做 grows 的宾语从句,为一名词性从句,也可称为 ;而且 what 在从句中可用做主语、宾语或者表语。此从句在结构上相当于“the +名词+定语从句”。 【例句研读】 (1) ①After a hard time they came to what is called America today.艰难的努力后他们来到 了现在称作美洲的地方。 (2) We now live in what is called the Information Age. 我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代。 (3) He graduated from what was called a key high school. 他毕业于一所所谓的重点高中。 【典例 3】 语法填空 1.( 2020·江苏省南京师大附中高三月考)Not knowing what to do, the old lady rang up her son and asked for his help with she described as a bit of bother. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意:老太太不知道该怎么办,于是打电话给她儿子,请他 帮忙解决她所说的一点小麻烦。with 后接宾语从句,从句中 describe 缺少宾语,所以用 what 来充当宾语。故填 what。 2.( 2020·江苏省高三三模)A painting by Vincent Van Gogh was stolen on _______ would have been the Dutch master’s 167th birthday. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意:文森特·梵高的一幅画在这位荷兰大师诞辰 167 年时 被盗。介词 on 后面接了一个宾语从句,宾语从句缺乏引导词,引导词在从句中作主语,所 以用 what。故填 what。 3.( 2020·江苏省高三三模)I think my father would like to know _______I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:我想父亲想知道我迄今为止在做什么,因此我决定给他发一 个简讯。分析句子可知可知,设空处引导宾语从句,从句缺少主语,且指物,意为“什么”, 应用连接代词 what,故填 what。 4.---What did your parents think about your decision? ---They always let me do_________ I think I should. 【答案】what 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:——你父母怎么认为你的决定?——他们总是让我做我认 为我应当做的。宾语从句 should 后省略动词 do,句中 what 引导宾语从句,在从句中作宾语。 故填 what。 5.________ matters most in learning English is enough practice. 【答案】What 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:学习英语最重要的是足够的练习。________ matters most in learning English 是主语从句,而在主语从句中谓语动词 matters 缺少主语,根据句意,故填 What。 【变式】 单项选择 1.(2020·江苏省高三其他)He sold his house for twice ________ he paid for it so he did well out of the deal. A.how B.what C.that D.which 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:他把房子卖了,价钱是买价的两倍,所以他在这笔交易中 赚了很多钱。从句动词 pay 后缺少宾语,且指物,所以用连接词 what 引导。故选 B。 2.(2020·江苏省高三三模)Police have found ________ appears to be the lost ancient statue. A.which B.where C.how D.what 【答案】D 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:警察已经找到了好像是失踪的古代雕像的东西。及物动词 found 后面显然是一个宾语从句,而从句中缺少主语,所以正确答案锁定连接代词 which 和 what,其中,which 引导宾语从句时,意思是“哪一个;哪一些”,用以要求某人在有限数量 中指明某人或某事物;what 引导宾语从句时,意思是“……的事物”。句中没有给出具体的 数量,故选 D。 3.(2020·江苏省高三月考)Diligence and self-discipline are ________ need to make it to our ideal university in the near future, especially at this particular moment. A.all that B.all what C.that all D.what all 【答案】D 【解析】考查表语从句和 all 的位置。句意:在不久的将来,尤其是在这个特殊的时刻,进 入理想大学所需要的是我们的勤奋和自律。need sth. to do sth.意为“需要某物做某事”,表语 从句中 need 后缺少宾语,故用 what。all 通常放在实义动词之前,故填 what all,故选 D 项。 4.(2020·天津高三一模)______ the mother really doubts is______her son will join the army soon. A.That; what B.What; whether C.That; whether D.What; that 【答案】B 【解析】考查主语从句和表语从句。句意:妈妈真正担心的是将来她的儿子是否能参军。主 语从句______ the mother really doubts 中缺少宾语,为“……的事”,故填 what;表语从句 her son will join the army soon.中不缺成分,意思为“是否”,故填 whether,故选 B。 5.(2020·天津市武清区杨村第一中学高三开学考试) ______ is surprising to us is that Tom, for ______ English was once boring, can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker. A.What; whom B.What; whose C.It; whose D.As; whom 【答案】A 【解析】句意:让我们惊讶的是汤姆对他来说英语曾经是枯燥的,现在可以流利的说英语好 像是英国本土的人。通过分析句子结构,可知这个句子中包含一个主语从句,和一个非限制 性定语从句。且引导词在主语从句中作主语,表示“什么”的含义,故用 what。介词 + 关系 代词引导的定语从句,定语从句的主语是 English,这里表示“对于某人来说”,需要 for 的宾 语,指人只能用 whom。选 A。 4 话题写作——人物介绍( 人与自我 ) 【典例】 【2016·北京卷】假设你是李华。你的英国朋友 Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感 兴趣,并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给 Jim 回信,内容包括: 1、该人物是谁; 2、该人物的主要贡献; 3、该人物对你的影响。 注意: 1. 词数不少于 100; 2. 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Yours Lihua 【答案】Dear Jim, It’s great to hear from you. I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history. As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. He, in his book, Haiguo Tuzhi (Maps and Records of the World), introduced modern technologies and ideas to China, which opened our eyes to the world. So he and his works are still worthy of being respected by us now. In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world. Interested in knowing more? I can find you some books! Just let me know. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 试题分析:题材新颖,要求介绍中国历史人物,内容包括喜欢的历史人物、他的贡献和对你 的影响。不少于 50 词,使用一般现在时和一般过去时以及第一人称和第三人称进行写作。 题材偏向于信息介绍类的开放式写作,对于应用文格式的要求并不高,但对于语言组织和词 汇积累的要求极高。本次应用文并没有限定考生必须写某一位历史人物,但是谈及人物的贡 献和对自己的影响时,考生有可能会遇到大量的词汇障碍,故难度较去年明显提升。 亮点说明:范文使用了词组 hear from, As for, In fact 和搭配 inspire sb to do sth 等,丰富了作 文内容;范文注意上下文的语意连贯。 【变式】 (2020·六盘山高级中学开学考试)请你根据下面的提示,用英语对钟南山作简单介绍,写 一篇英语作文。 出生 1936 年 10 月出生于南京,21 世纪最出名的医学家之一 教育背景 1953 年,就读于广东实验中学;1960 年,毕业于北京医学院 主要成就 2003 年和 2020 年,以钟南山为代表的医护工作者经长期努力,抗击 了非典和新冠肺炎;2004 年,钟南山被评为“感动中国 2003 年度”十大人 物之一。 评价 他在医学领域工作 60 多年,取得了很多成就, 是一位受国人尊敬 的好医生。 注意:1. 词数 100 左右;2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯 (新冠肺炎 NCP, 非典 SARS) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dr. Zhong Nanshan was born in October 1936 in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. He is one of the famous medical scientists in the 21st century. He studied at Guangdong experimental high school in 1953 and graduated from Beijing Medical College in 1960. In 2003 and 2020,Zhong Nanshan not only led but also took an active part in the battle against SARS and NCP. Through their hard work for several months, Zhong Nanshan and his workmates achieved remarkable result. Zhong Nanshan was awarded one of the top ten people moving China in 2004. He has been working in the medical field for over 60 years. He is a good doctor in the countrymen' eyes and respected by all the people in China. 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。本篇要求考生写一篇文章介绍钟南山。 体裁:记叙文 时态:根据提示,时态应以一般现在时和一般过去时为主。 结构:分总 要求: 1. 出生 2. 教育背景 3. 主要成就 4. 评价 第二步:列提纲(重点词组) be born in/ well-known/ graduate from/ be on behalf of/ effort/ play a part in/ achieve/ top ten/ respect/ against 第三步:连词成句 1. Born in October 1936 in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, Zhong Nanshan is one of the famous medical scientists in the 21st century. 2. He studied at Guangdong experimental high school in 1953 and graduated from Beijing Medical College in 1960. 3. In 2003 and 2020,Zhong Nanshan not only led but also took an active part in the battle against SARS and NCP. 4. Through their hard work for several months, Zhong Nanshan and his workmates achieved remarkable result. 5. Zhong Nanshan was awarded one of the top ten people moving China in 2004. 6. He has been working in the medical field for over 60 years. 7. He is a good doctor in the countrymen' eyes and respected by all the people in China. 第四步:连句成篇(加入衔接词或从句) 表示并列的连词:and/but/or/so… 状语从句连词:because/ if/ though/ although… 定语从句连词:which/ that/ when/ where… 第五步:修改润色(加入高级词汇或短语) 【点睛】 范文内容完整,要点全面,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当,上下文意思连贯,符合逻辑关 系。文章使用了一些高级词汇和句型,例如:graduate from /not only… but also/ took an active part in /remarkable/ awarded/respect 等。He is one of the famous medical scientists in the 21st century.运用了 one of…句型;Zhong Nanshan not only led but also took an active part in the battle against SARS and NCP. 运用了 not only … but also…结构。