牛津译林七年级上册任务型阅读专题 12页

牛津译林七年级上册任务型阅读专题 知识点一 任务型阅读（一）‎ ‎【知识梳理】 　　这种题型只在考查学生综合运用语言的能力，即捕捉信息、组织信息和综合概括信息的能力。该题型任务可分为阅读文章和表格填空两个部分。要求考生根据所读短文，对文中的有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括，而后准确有序地完成表格的空缺。此类阅读话题广泛，体裁多样，内容贴近生活，富有气息。表格项目。基本上根据文章结构和作者思路设计，一般包括标题、段落大意、文章细节、结论等部分。当然把握命题人设空规律显得很重要。‎ 1． 解题步骤：研表一读文一填表 ‎ 研表：迅速阅读表格，预测所缺单词。通过分析表格的项目内容和结构特征，从而揣测命题的目的和意图，准确把握信息范围及对文章的理解方向。要特别关注文章的标题栏及表格前的小标题，这样有助于理解短文的大意。 读文：快速浏览全文．把握短文大意，再读文章文章内容．找准细节定位。任务型阅读要求考生解读语篇，掌握文章的框架结构和段落大意，又要求考生对具体的事实细节进行查找和定位、理解和转换。因此，在阅读文章时，考生应适时恰当地运用多种阅读技巧，对文章进行全面的理解。 　　填表：抓住有效细心，准确填好表格。任务型阅读考查学生通过快速阅读捕捉信息的能力，又要求对文中信息进行理解转换，并进行适当的逻辑推理和归纳总结，在填表时．力争返回原文，找出与题目有关的内容，抓住关键词汇，填好所缺单词。填好表格后，再次校对所填单词拼写是否正确．是否符合文章内容。 ‎ ‎ 　　2．解题方法指导 ‎(1)快速定位圈点。根据表格中所提供的细节信息，抓住关键词语，返回原文，快速捕捉，对表格中提供的信息在文中进行定位，并通过对比新旧语境，圈出不同点。 (2)巧妙运用转换。对于那些不能在原文中直接选定的答案，根据表格中对原文语义的转换，掌握设空规律，进行词形和词性的转换。巧用同义词、反义词、词语搭配等转换方式，以便提高答题正确率。 　(3)掌握归纳技巧。有时表格中的最上栏或最左栏需要学生概括相应栏内的内容，常用的概括性词语有：原因(reason／cause)、方法(way／means)、优缺点(advantage／disadvantage)、观点(opinion／view)、建议(advice／tip／suggestions)、目的(aim／purpose)、问题(problem)、影响和结果(effect／result)、个人信息(name／age／occupation／personality)等。掌握这些概括性词语，可以帮助学生迅速准确地完成答题任务。 　(4)注意答题细节。审清表格，注意表格中所缺单词的排列顺序，特别要留神写到答题卡上的单词序号：正确拼写单词，注意首字母的大小写、名词的单复数、主谓一致及非谓语动词的使用等。另外，书写工整在答题的过程中也十分重要。 　　总之，任务型阅读不同于传统的阅读理鳃．这就要求学生在平时学习过程中夯实基础，加强常用词汇的积累，培养自己的创新思维，并养成细心答题的好习 惯。‎ ‎【例题精讲】‎ Our teacher work very hard. They get up early in the morning and work very late. How to help our teacher ?‎ First, we must try to learn our subjects（科目）well to make our teachers spend less time on us and let them have more rest.‎ Second, we must clean the blackboard and the teacher’s desk very often. If (如果) we can do so, our teachers will work better and of course they will be happier.‎ Our teachers often have to speak for a long time and they are very thirsty(口渴的). At this time, it is better for us to bring them some water. When our teachers drink the water, they will speak more clearly (清楚). After our teachers correct (批改)our exercise books, we can help to hand them out (分发它们).‎ If we do so, our teachers can have a short rest. We all know that our teachers care about our marks (关心我们的分数) most, so we should try to go over(复习) our lessons to get high grades（成绩）.If all of us can get high grades, our teachers will feel (感觉)very happy.‎ How to 1________ our teacher Ways (方法)‎ Results（结果）‎ Do 2________ in our subjects.‎ The teacher can have more time to have a 3________.‎ Often help the teachers 4________ the blackboard and the 5________ desk.‎ They 6________ better and feel happier.‎ Bring them some water when they 7________ to drink water.‎ They will speak clearly.‎ Help them hand out our exercise books.‎ They can rest for a 8________ time.‎ Try to go over our lessons 9________ taking exams（考试）.‎ ‎10________ grades will make them happy.‎ Keys:‎ 阅读中注意短文后面的问题.然后带着问题再读短文,找出与答题内容相关语句,反复阅读,反复分析,然后确定答案.阅读中要善于从短文信息中总结推测出所需答案,注意所填答案与短文中相关语句的关系,与相关单词短语的关系. 1:help 细节理解题，根据文中语句“How to help our teacher ?”理解可知，此句的含义是如何帮助老师故填help。 2:well 细节理解题，根据文中语句“we must try to learn our subjects（科目）well to make our teachers spend less time on us and let them have more rest.”理解可知，此句的含义是我们尽量把各科学好，让老师多休息，故此处填写do well in 表示在某方面做的很好。 3:rest 细节理解题，根据文中语句“we must try to learn our subjects（科目）well to make our teachers spend less time on us and let them have more rest.”理解可知，此句的含义是让老师多休息，故填rest。Have a rest表示好好休息。 4:clean 细节理解题，根据文中语句“we must clean the blackboard and the teacher’s desk very often.”理解可知，此句的含义是我们应该经常帮助老师擦黑板和讲桌，故填clean。 5:teacher’s 细节理解题，根据文中语句“we must clean the blackboard and the teacher’s desk very often.”理解可知，此句的含义是我们应该经常帮助老师擦黑板和讲桌，故填teacher’s表示老师的。 6:work 细节理解题，根据文中语句“If (如果) we can do so, our teachers will work better and of course they will be happier.”理解可知，此句的含义是如果我们经常帮助老师，老师会更努力的工作，故填work。 7:want 细节理解题，根据文中语句“Our teachers often have to speak for a long time and they are very thirsty(口渴的). At this time, it is better for us to bring them some water.”理解可知，此句的含义是我们应该给老师送上水，当他们口渴的时候，故填need。 8:short 细节理解题，根据文中语句“we can help to hand them out (分发它们). If we do so, our teachers can have a short rest.”理解可知，此句的含义是我们替老师分发作业可以让老师稍微休息一会。 9:before 细节理解题，根据文中语句“so we should try to go over(复习) our lessons ‎ to get high grades（成绩）”理解可知，此句的含义是我们在考试前，应尽力复习，故填before。 10:High 细节理解题，根据文中语句“so we should try to go over(复习) our lessons to get high grades（成绩）”理解可知，此句的含义是好成绩让老师开心故填high。 ‎ ‎【课堂练习】‎ I am Lily. I have a piece of good news to tell you. We have a new apartment(公寓).The rooms are small, but they are all comfortable. There are more rooms here than in our old apartment. This is good because now I have my own room. In the old apartment, I must share a room with my sister.‎ ‎  My bedroom is my favourite in our apartment. I can be alone in it. I can read and draw. I can listen to music. I can play games and send my friends e-mails on my computer.‎ ‎  M y second favourite room is the kitchen. I like helping my mother cook my meals. She is a very good cook and often teaches me how to make many different kinds of dishes. She lived in Morocco when she was a girl, and she can cook Morocco food. It is delicious.‎ 根据短文内容，完成表格。‎ Lily’s apartment The old apartment It has fewer rooms and I share a room   1     ‎ my sister.‎ The new apartment The rooms are small, but they are all    2    .‎ ‎·My favourite room is my  3    .I can ‎ be    4    in it. I can read and draw. I can listen to    5   .I can play games  6    my computer and send e-mails   7     my friends.‎ ‎·The    8   is my second favourite room. I can help ‎ my mother with   9     . My mother’s Morocco food is   10     .‎ ‎1.             2.              3.             4.            5.            ‎ ‎6.             7.              8.             9.            10.           ‎ Keys：1.with    2.comfortable    3.bedroom   4.alone    5.music  6.on   7.to   8.kitchen   9.cooking/meals  ‎ ‎10. delicious ‎【变式练习】‎ Many people think that twins are the same. But they're not! Dylan and Cole are twin brothers. They look the same and in some ways they are the same. But in other ways they are very different. Dylan and Cole both like soccer (football). But Dylan plays every day and Cole plays only on weekends. Cole likes watching soccer games on TV, too. Dylan only likes playing the game, but doesn't watch it. Dylan and Cole are both naughty (顽皮的) and funny, but Cole is a little naughtier than Dylan. Dylan is a little more careful about schoolwork. Dylan and Cole are very popular at school, and they both have lots of friends.   ‎ What are twins like?‎ Name Different Same Dylan He plays every day. He doesn't like ___1___ soccer games. He is a little more careful about ___2___.‎ They look the same. They both like ___3___. They are both naughty and funny. They are very popular at school ‎ and both have lots of ___4____.‎ Cole He plays only on ‎ weekends. He likes watching soccer games on TV, too. He is a little ___5___ than Dylan.‎ 解析：此篇文章介绍的是双胞胎两个人之间的相同点和不同点。 【小题1】根据Dylan only likes playing the game, but doesn't watch it.可知Dylan不喜欢在电视上观看足球赛。此题考查动名词，根据句意，故填watching。 【小题2】根据Dylan is a little more careful about schoolwork.可知Dylan对学业很认真。根据句意，故填schoolwork。 【小题3】根据Dylan and Cole are both naughty and funny, but Cole is a little naughtier than Dylan.可知Cole比Dylan更淘气一些。根据句意，故填naughtier。 【小题4】根据Dylan and Cole both like soccer(football).可知他们都喜欢足球。根据句意，故填soccer。 【小题5】根据Dylan and Cole are very popular at school, and they both have lots of friends.可知他们在学校非常受欢迎，他们有很多朋友，根据句意，故填friends。‎ 答案：1. watching 2. schoolwork 3. naughtier 4. soccer 5. friends 知识点二 任务型阅读（二）‎ ‎【知识梳理】‎ 任务型阅读要求学生在限定的时间内，根据文章提供的信息，用恰当的句子完成相应的问题。该题型主要考查学生对于不同体裁和不同题材语言材料的理解能力，以及归纳、提取信息的能力。‎ 任务型阅读侧重语篇分析和文章脉络的剖析，即文章的结构和框架。题目常按照一定的逻辑顺序展开。考生要在分析了解文章篇章结构的基础上，认真对照问题，逐一对照原文进行信息的筛选，回答问题。‎ 方法点拨 ‎1. 读懂问题，分清问题的种类，避免答非所问。‎ ‎2. 注意以材料为本。无论是单词、词组、句子，还是人、物、时间、地点、原因等，都要根据文章内容准确填写。‎ ‎3. 注意文章中的人称、时态和数，做到问答一致。考试时最常见的错误就是时态、语态用错。‎ ‎4. 灵活运用同义词语的替换和各种句型的的不同表达。‎ ‎5. 对于开放性问题的回答，应根据文章提供的素材，根据全文大意、中心思想和作者的情感、立场展开合理的想象 ‎6.在对待生词的处理上，要一分为二地看待。有些不影响理解的生词（如地名，人名）可直接忽视掉。‎ ‎7.态度要端正，目前每年的篇幅都是呈上升的趋势，所以学生要有心理准备，务必要把握好做阅读题的节奏。‎ ‎【例题精讲】‎ Hi, I’m Sandy. The weekend is coming again. I think I will have another happy weekend.‎ On Saturday morning, I don’t need to get up early, so I can sleep for a little more time. But I have to do my homework in the morning. And then, I play with my friends. I go to the bookshop and read some books. There are so many books in the bookshop and I like reading there. The shop assistant is nice to me. In the evening, I go out for dinner with my parents.‎ On Sunday morning, I can still sleep for a little more time. I go to the library at about 9:30 a.m. And then, I go to listen to music. I like pop music very much. In the afternoon, I go shopping with my mother.‎ ‎1. When can the writer sleep for a little more time?‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ ‎2. Why does the writer like reading in the bookshop?‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ ‎3. What does the writer do on Saturday evening?‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ ‎4. What kind of music does the writer like?‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ ‎5. How do you like (你认为)the writer’s weekend life?‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ Keys：‎ ‎1.On Saturday and Sunday mornings.(由第二段和第三段第一句可知）‎ ‎2.Because there are so many books there.（由第二段倒数第二句可知）‎ ‎3.She goes out for dinner with her parents. （由第二段最后一句可知）‎ ‎4.Pop music.（由第三段最后一句可知）‎ ‎5.She has happy weekends.（言之有理即可）‎ ‎【课堂练习】‎ Spring Festival is the Chinese New Year’s Day. It usually comes in February. Everyone in China likes Spring Festival very much. When Spring Festival comes, Li Lei usually helps his parents clean their house and do some shopping and other housework. On that day, Chinese people usually eat dumplings, New Year’s cake and some other delicious(美味的) food. Li Lei likes New Year’s cake, but Han Mei thinks dumplings are nicer than New Year’s cake. Chinese people eat New Year’s cake and dumplings in their houses. How happy they are！‎ ‎1. When does Spring Festival usually come?‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2. What does Li Lei usually do when Spring Festival comes?‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3. What do Chinese people usually eat on that day?‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎4. Does Li Lei like New Year’s cake?‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎5. Do you like Spring Festival? Why or why not?‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ keys：‎ ‎1.It usually comes in February.（由文章第二句可知）‎ ‎2.He usually helps his parents clean their house and do some shopping and other housework.（由文章第四句可知）‎ ‎3.They usually eat dumplings, New Year’s cake and some other delicious food. （由文章第五句可知 ‎4.Yes,he does.(由文章倒数第二句可知）‎ ‎5. Yes. Because I can delicious food.(答案不唯一，言之有理即可）‎ ‎【变式练习】‎ ‎(A)‎ Mr. and Mrs. Smile come from Sydney(悉尼). They teach English in a middle school there. They like their work very much. They have two children, Jim and Sue. They are both in Beijing now. Mr. Smile can speak Chinese. Now he works in Beijing with his wife. ‎ Mr. Smile likes swimming and reading. And Mrs. Smile likes swimming and reading, too. They often go swimming in the afternoon and read in the evening. Jim and Sue like playing games with and swimming with their Chinese friends. ‎ Jim's uncle works on a farm near Sydney. He likes swimming, too. He wants to work in Beijing. But he can't speak Chinese at all. So he is still there and goes to Chinese classes every week.‎ ‎1.What do Mr. and Mrs. Smile do?‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2.Where are Jim and Sue from?‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3.What does Mrs. Smile like?‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎4.Where does Jim’s uncle work?‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎5.What does Sue’s uncle want to do?‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ keys：‎ 1. They teach English in a middle school.‎ 2. They are from Sydney.‎ ‎3.Mrs. Smile likes swimming and reading.‎ ‎4.Jim's uncle works on a farm near Sydney.‎ ‎5.He wants to work in Beijing.‎ ‎(B)‎ In some western countries, many children like doing housework because they can get pocket money. They usually start to do this when they are ten years old.‎ School students have to do homework and study for tests. They don’t have much free time on weekdays. They often do chores on weekends.‎ Young children only do easy housework. So they don’t get much money. But that’s enough. Many of them only want to buy candy. And candy is cheap! They often help wash the dishes, clean the floor, or feed the pet cat or dog.‎ When they get older, they want more expensive things than candy. So they have to work harder! They often help their parents wash the family car, cut the grass, or cook meals.‎ Some jobs are a good way for kids to learn new things. For example, they can learn how to use a lawnmower ( 割草机) or how to cook. Of course, their parents help them at first.‎ ‎1.Why do many children like doing housework in some western countries?‎ ‎___________________________________________________________‎ ‎2.When do children begin to do housework to get pocket money?‎ ‎___________________________________________________________‎ ‎3.Do school students often do housework on weekdays?‎ ‎___________________________________________________________‎ ‎4.What can children do to get more pocket money?‎ ‎___________________________________________________________‎ ‎5.Is doing housework good or bad for you?‎ ‎___________________________________________________________‎ Keys：‎ ‎1. Because they can get pocket money.‎ ‎2. Ten years old.‎ ‎3.No, they don’t.‎ ‎4.They can help their parents wash the family car, cut the grass, or cook meals.‎ ‎5.It’s good for me.‎