高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练4时文报道 10页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 第三节 题组训 练 4 时文报道 A (2017·天津一中 4 月考) Rome，Paris and New York are the world’s top fashion cities，all of which have produced some of the top trends，from fashionable skirts to the hottest new shoes.But have you ever wondered about the negative ideas that they have enforced? In April 2016，the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) in Britain banned an ad from Gucci that featured models dancing around and having fun，because they were all extremely skinny.Banning ads due to the models’ extreme figures isn’t new.The ASA banned an ad in 2015 for the same reason.In France，it has been ruled that models are to provide a doctor’s note proving that they are at a healthy weight. So what is the healthy weight for models？Twenty years ago，the average fashion model weighed 8% less than the average woman.Today，they weigh 23% less. People may think that being at an unhealthy weight will help them gain the benefits that the models do.This provides a standard for beauty，and therefore people who want to achieve those things may attempt to obtain them through unhealthy ways.People may think they are overweight，due to the images of models’ thin figures.They see something wrong with their bodies，whether they are overweight or not.This is a key factor in a lowered body image，low self-esteem，depression and possibly even eating disorders. I’m not blaming the fashion industry by any means.It’s not their fault that many people look up to the models and expect to live a life like theirs.I am glad 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 that ASA is raising its voices when discussing the growing issue of body images in the fashion industry.By banning the photos and videos，speaking out against them and pushing for doctors’ notes from the models，it’s pushing for the idea that the traditional fashion industry’s body image demands should be changed and something more needs to be questioned. 语篇解读 模特极瘦的形象带来了很多负面影响，英国广告标准局禁播了一条 Gucci 的时装 广告，希望由此能树立模特身体形象新标准。 1．One of Gucci’s ads was banned mainly because . A．its models are much too thin B．none of its models had a doctor’s note C．models didn’t act according to the rules D．its models were dancing in an unhealthy way 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“In April 2016，the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) in Britain banned...，because they were all extremely skinny.”可 知，2016 年 4 月，英国广告标准局(ASA)因模特太瘦从而禁播了一条 Gucci 的时装广告，故 选 A。 2．The numbers mentioned in Paragraph 3 show that . A．people don’t know why models weigh less B．many women are on a diet to become models C．models are becoming thinner with time going by D．the healthy weight for models hasn’t been decided 答案 C 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段提供的数字分析可知，与二十年前时装模特的平均体重相比， 今天她们的平均体重变得更轻了，从而说明了：随着时间的推移，模特们变得越来越瘦了， 故选 C。 3．What does the fourth paragraph mainly show? A．The negative effects of models’ images. B．People’s attitude towards models’ images. C．The benefits of becoming thin figures. D．The changes in the standard of beauty. 答案 A 解析 段落大意题。文中第四段主要讲述了模特极瘦的形象对人们造成的一些不好的影响， 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 如一些人可能会认为不健康的体重会帮助他们获取模特们所获得的一些利益。由于人们将模 特不健康的体重作为审美的标准，所以不管自己是否超重，他们总觉得自己的身体有问题， 因此，这就使得他们损毁了身体形象，变得缺少自尊心，得了抑郁症，甚至可能造成饮食失 调，故选 A。 4．The possible purpose of the ASA’s measures is to . A．change the fortune models are faced with B．set up new standards of models’ body images C．criticize the traditional standards for models D．encourage more people to live a life like models 答案 B 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段讲到了模特极瘦的形象所带来的负面影响可知，英国广告标 准局(ASA)采取措施的可能目的是：改变模特极瘦的身体形象，即树立模特身体形象新标准， 故选 B。 5．What is the author’s tone of writing this passage? A．Critical. B．Humorous. C．Objective. D．Hopeful. 答案 C 解析 观点态度题。通读全文以及根据最后一段中的“I’m not blaming the fashion industry by any means.(我并不是在指责时装界。)”可知，作者报道的是实际存在的现象， 故作者是以客观的口吻来撰写这篇文章的，故选 C。 B (2017·五校联考二模) Khan Lab School in Silicon Valley is bringing back the one-room model to teach young students in Mountain View，California.The school is a laboratory for an experimental kind of learning. Students aged 5 to 15 attend the experimental Khan Lab School.It has no grade levels and no homework.The students are in school from 8：30 in the morning until six o’clock at night.And the school is open all year long with small breaks here and there.The school is the idea of Salman Khan，the founder of Khan Academy—famous for its online educational videos free of charge.Khan said he started Khan Lab School because he thinks the current education system has problems.He hopes to create a better learning model. He said this system lets the older students take responsibility and help younger 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 students.That means the younger children get a lot of help.They get the help of the teachers and the older students.Meanwhile，students also learn the study materials at their own speed through videos.And they get more attention through one-on-one discussions with teachers.They also learn by doing projects. The school’s director，Dominic Liechti，said this way of learning better prepares students for the future.He said the duties of a teacher need to change from leading the class to being someone who guides students in their learning，and provides individual support.A teacher is also a life-long learner，he said，not just someone who gives presentations. Twelve-year-old girl，Mishal Junaid，expressed her experience：“When I wake up in the morning，I want to wake up，unlike my last school where I want to sleep and not go to school...” 语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道类文章。主要讲了当国内创业者都争相通过互联网解决教育 行业存在的问题时，硅谷的先驱者们却开始办起了线下学校。 6．Why did Salman Khan set up the school? A．To introduce Mountain View. B．To create a better learning model. C．To reform current education system. D．To apply his online educational videos. 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“He hopes to create a better learning model.” 可知，Khan 希望创造一个更好的学习模式，故选 B。 7．What’s the unique feature of Lab School? A．It prepares students for their future. B．Students perform better in the tests. C．Students don’t belong to a certain grade. D．It calls on teachers to care more about students. 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It has no grade levels and no homework.”可知， 这个学校没有分年级，也没有作业，故选 C。 8．In Lab School，we know students can . A．give advice to older students B．discuss with the teachers at any time 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 C．teach themselves what they like D．learn according to their own case 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“Meanwhile，students also learn the study materials at their own speed through videos.”可知，学生按照自己的速度通过录像学 习，故选 D。 9．What do we know about the teachers in this school? A．They provide support privately. B．They need to learn constantly. C．They shouldn’t give presentations. D．They need to be trained as guides. 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“A teacher is also a life-long learner，he said， not just someone who gives presentations.”可知，老师是一个终身学习者，不仅仅是给 学生呈现知识，故选 B。 10．What can we learn from the underlined sentence from the last paragraph? A．The girl has grown up. B．The girl often misses classes. C．The school is appealing to the girl. D．The school looks different from others. 答案 C 解析 句意猜测题。根据画线句子可知，女孩愿意早起去上学，而不是像在原来的学校一样 不愿意醒来，不愿意去上学，也就是说这个新学校对她有吸引力，故选 C。 C (2017·天津十二所重点中学联考) Great white sharks，the world’s largest predatory(食肉的) fish，eat three to four times more food than previously thought，an Australian study shows. The U．S.research from the 1980s estimated a meal of 30 kilograms could make a one-ton shark continue living for more than six weeks. That made assumptions that large sharks could survive long periods without eating. However，a University of Tasmania-led study published this week in Scientific Reports found that 30kg was only enough for 12～15 days. Researchers tagged(给……附上标签) a dozen great white sharks at Neptune Islands 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 off South Australia and calculated their metabolic(新陈代谢的) rate based on swimming speeds.They worked out how much energy the sharks burned and how much food they required. “Their metabolic rate is faster than we assumed.” Jayson Semmens was the lead author on the study.He said，“They (U.S.researchers) picked a shark that probably wasn’t working very hard at the time when they did it.At the time it was a new study.They did some metabolic work similar to what we did but on one shark.” “The white sharks，which we tagged，are working pretty hard.They’re coming up to some pretty high speed to catch the seals，” he said.“Their metabolic rate is much faster than what we had assumed.These animals are probably going to be feeding every day，rather than several weeks.” The research also sought to improve understanding of how sharks fit into the ocean ecosystem. “We don’t have a good handle on the population sizes of white sharks.We know that sharks in general are under pressure around the world from overfishing，” Semmens said.“Furthermore，they’re long-lived.They reproduce late in their life and they produce a small number of babies.” Semmens said the effects of removing white sharks from the ocean were thus far more important than realized.“They’re keeping under control a lot more animals than we thought，” he said. 语篇解读 大白鲨是世界上最大的食肉性鱼类。本文介绍了一项关于大白鲨的最新研究。 11．The U．S.research made people believe that . A．large sharks could live without eating meat B．sharks gained several kilograms in six weeks C．a one-ton shark needed to eat 30kg every meal D．large sharks could live without eating for several weeks 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。由第三段“That made assumptions that large sharks could survive long periods without eating.”可知答案为 D。 12．What is Semmens’ attitude towards U．S.researchers’ job? A．Uninterested. B．Surprised. C．Objective. D．Satisfied. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 答案 C 解析 观点态度题。由第七段中 Semmens 所说的话“They (U.S.researchers) picked a shark that probably wasn’t working very hard at the time when they did it.At the time it was a new study.They did some metabolic work similar to what we did but on one shark.” 可推知他对美国研究者所做的工作持客观态度，故选 C。 13．The sharks’ metabolic rate calculated by the two research groups is different probably because . A．they used different research methods B．they studied sharks of different sizes C．the sharks they used for research were of different species D．the sharks they used for research swam at different speeds 答案 D 解析 推理判断题。由第五段中的“calculated their metabolic(新陈代谢的) rate based on swimming speeds”及第七段中的“picked a shark that probably wasn’t working very hard”和倒数第四段中的“‘The white sharks，which we tagged，are working pretty hard.They’re coming up to some pretty high speed to catch the seals，’ he said.” 可推知答案为 D。 14．What do you know about white sharks? A．They play an important role in ocean ecosystem. B．They can produce a large number of babies. C．They swim more slowly than seals. D．They live a short life. 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“they’re long-lived”及“they produce a small number of babies”可排除B、D两项，由倒数第四段中的“They’re coming up to some pretty high speed to catch the seals”可排除 C 项。由最后三段讲述大白鲨对海洋生态系统的影 响可知 A 项正确。 15．The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to . A．inform B．persuade C．describe D．entertain 答案 A 解析 写作意图题。本文为说明文，介绍了一项关于大白鲨的最新研究。故答案为 A。 D (2017·天津十二区县二模) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 The new study shows that we spend more time using the mobile Internet than reading newspapers or magazines.According to the European Interactive Advertising Association (EIAA)，the average European spends 4.8 hours reading newspapers and magazines but 1.6 hours more using the mobile Internet a week. The EIAA questioned 15,000 people in 15 European countries，looking at how people are using the Internet and its influence on their everyday lives.It has found that the mobile Internet is increasingly finding its way into the public awareness.Over 71 million Europeans now have Internet access on their mobile phones.In the UK,10 million people now access the Internet through their mobile phones and spend 6.3 hours doing so in a week. Unsurprisingly younger generations in the UK are leading the way，with nearly half of the country’s 16-to-24-year-olds and a quarter of 25-to-34-year-olds using the mobile Internet，spending 6.5 and 6.2 hours online each week. Entertainment plays a major role in our mobile Internet lives，with one in five British people using their phones for online games，a third listening to the online radio and 39 percent watching films，TV or other videos at least once a week.One third of those using an Internet phone said they received videos，images or other multimedia on their mobile，and 61 percent said they passed on contents they received. From a communication point of view,80 percent of those questioned agreed that the Internet had made it easier for them to stay in touch with friends and family. Alison Fennah，director of the EIAA，said the mobile Internet use had come to the point that marketers should be looking to develop strategies that connect with consumers more effectively.“Better devices as well as improved consumer motivation that start coming together in 2011 can make a great difference to extending the online experience，” Fennah said. 语篇解读 本文主要讲的是一项研究表明人们现在在移动互联网上花的时间比在阅读报纸和 杂志上花的时间多，另外该研究还调查了互联网对他们日常生活的影响。 16．How long does a European spend on the mobile Internet per week according to the EIAA? A．6.2 hours. B．6.4 hours. C．4.8 hours. D．1.6 hours. 答案 B 解析 数字计算题。根据第一段中的“...the average European spends 4.8 hours reading 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 newspapers and magazines but 1.6 hours more using the mobile Internet a week.”可 知，欧洲人每周平均花费 4.8 小时读报和看杂志，但是多花 1.6 小时使用移动互联网，4.8 ＋1.6＝6.4，故选 B。 17．What do the underlined words “doing so” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Reading papers and magazines. B．Playing computer games. C．Watching films online. D．Using the mobile Internet. 答案 D 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“In the UK,10 million people now access the Internet through their mobile phones”(在英国现在有一千万 人通过手机连接互联网)可知，这里的“doing so”指的是“使用移动互联网”，故选 D。 18．What do people mainly use the mobile Internet for? A．Communication. B．Study. C．Amusement. D．Advertising. 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“Entertainment plays a major role in our mobile Internet lives...”(娱乐在移动互联网生活中扮演着主要角色)可知，选 C。 19．It can be known from the passage that . A．more than half of the young people in the UK use the mobile Internet B．the Internet is the most effective way to stay in touch with friends and family C．the UK has the largest number of people who use the mobile Internet in Europe D．better devices and improved consumer motivation help extend the online experience 答案 D 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Better devices as well as improved consumer motivation that start coming together in 2011 can make a great difference to extending the online experience...”可知，选 D。 20．The author wrote the passage to tell us . A．how to use mobile phones to surf the Internet B．newspapers and magazines will disappear soon C．mobile surfing now is more popular than reading D．how the Internet influences our daily life 答案 C 解析 写作意图题。本文主要讲的是一项研究表明人们现在在移动互联网上花的时间比在阅 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 读报纸和杂志上花的时间多，另外该研究还调查了互联网对他们日常生活的影响，故选 C。