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2018届二轮复习 短文语法填空专题训练10篇之二
【1】
“He is a fool who cannot be angry，but he is really a wise man __1__ won’t.”
The habit of keeping pleasant is indeed better __2__ an income of a million dollars a year. The life without __3__(cheerful) is like the severe winter without the sun.
We all love cheerful company，but we tend to forget that cheerfulness is a habit which can be developed by all.
We find __4__ very difficult to be happy when we are in sorrow. It requires great courage. We should never forget that __5__(be) cheerful when it is not easy to be cheerful shows greatness. Thorny(荆棘)may be __6__(we) way，but how happy is the conqueror’s song!
The perfection of cheerfulness __7__(consist)in the happy frame of mind. It is displayed in good temper and kind behavior. It arises partly from personal goodness and __8__(part) from belief in the goodness of others. It can make people see the glory in the grass and the sunshine on the flower. It encourages happy thoughts，and lives in an atmosphere of peace. It costs nothing，and yet it is __9__(value). It blesses its possessor and affords a large measure of enjoyment to others.
To light up other’s heart，one’s own heart must __10__(light) first.
答案
【语篇导读】 本文介绍了积极乐观的重要性。
1．who [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可以得出“________ won’t”是一个定语从句，先行词“a wise man”在从句中作主语，再结合前一句可知，此处填who。]
2．than [考查比较级。根据句意及“better”可知，此处填“better”。]
3．cheerfulness [考查名词。without 是介词，介词后只能跟名词或是动名词，所以此处填“cheerful”的名词形式“cheerfulness”。]
4．it [考查代词。分析句子结构可以得出“________”在这里只是“find”的形式宾语，真正的宾语是“to be happy”，所以此处填 “it”。]
5．to be [考查不定式。分析句子结构，“________ cheerful when it is not easy to be cheerful shows greatness.”是“that” 引导的宾语从句，而 “________ cheerful”是从句中的主语，再根据句意分析，句子具有一定的将来意义，所以用“to be”。]
6．our [考查形容词性物主代词。根据句意，此处填“我们的”，所以用“our”。]
7．consists [考查动词。这一句的主语“the perfection of cheerfulness”是单数形式，再结合全文来看，全文中以一般现在时来写，所以此处也应用第三人称单数形式。故填 “consists”]
8．parts [考查动词。根据句子结构及句意，此处的动作和前面的“arises”是并列关系，所以part用第三人称单数形式。]
9．valuable [考查形容词。根据句意，“它虽然不花钱，但它确实是无价的。”所以此处应用“value”的形容词形式“valuable”。]
10．be lighted [考查动词语态。根据句意，“要想点亮他人的心，必须先点亮自己的心”。但后面半句的主语是“heart”，所以要用被动语态，故填 “be lighted”。]
【2】
Our modern life is changing our eating habits.We are spending too much time in front of TV or computers and __1__(become) “couch potatoes” or “mouse potatoes”．We also eat too much junk food and we don’t get enough exercise.The foods we find in
the supermarket are sometimes no __2__(benefit) to us，and it is difficult to know exactly __3__ we are eating when we buy ready－made or pre－prepared dishes.Considering this situation，it is becoming __4__(much) important than ever __5__(make) sure that we keep a healthy diet.
A healthy diet gives us the calories we need and don’t contain too much fat.The number of calories we need __6__(change) depending on what kind of body we have (are we short，tall，heavy etc.)and how active we are.Quality food，or healthy food，gives us calories in the best way.Junk food，__7__ the other hand，gives us few calories and lots of fat and sugar.If we eat too much fat and sugar，we will put on __8__(weigh) easily，in order to live __9__ happy and long life，we should keep a __10__(balance) diet.
答案
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。不良的饮食习惯给人们带来了很多危害，因此作者呼吁大家要养成健康的饮食习惯。
1．becoming [考查动词的用法。与前面的“are spending”构成并列谓语，故用－ing形式。]
2．beneficial [考查固定搭配的用法。谓语动词为系动词be，故用形容词作表语。“be no beneficial to”意思是“对……无益”。]
3．what [考查关系词的用法。句意：当我们购买了现成的或提前准备好的食物时，我们很难清楚地知道我们吃的到底是什么。know后面的宾语从句中缺少宾语，故填what。]
4．more [考查比较级的用法。根据后面的than这个词，可知要用形容词的比较级。]
5．to make [考查不定式的用法。由语境可知此处意为“为确保……”，应当用不定式作目的状语。]
6．changes [考查动词时态的用法。the number of 意思是“……的数目”。“The number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。]
7．on [考查固定搭配的用法。on the other hand 为固定搭配，意思是“另一方面”。]
8．weight [考查名词的用法。put on后面缺少宾语，应当变成名词。“put on weight”是“增肥”的意思。]
9．a [考查冠词的用法。live a happy life“过着幸福的生活”，这是固定词组。]
10．balanced [考查形容词的用法。修饰名词diet要用形容词，balanced意思是“均衡的”。]
【3】
One of the major holiday shopping days is the day after Thanksgiving.It is __1__(frequent)referred to as Black Friday.The use of the word “black” relates __2__ the business accountants.Storekeepers used to record profits in black ink and losses in red ink.So __3__(be) “in the black” on the Friday after Thanksgiving means a good thing，a return to profits.
Black Friday is the big day for many retailers，and it presents the shopper an opportunity __4__(get) all of one’s holiday shopping done at once among amazing sale prices.On that day，most retailers will open very early __5__ usually provide massive and attractive discounts on their products，while a great number of holiday shoppers will get __6__ early start in the morning to begin Christmas shopping.
Black Friday also means that people face crowded stores，__7__ is the other idea of a “Black Friday”，a day they do not like.It used to be the __8__(busy) shopping day of a year.Many people avoid this shopping day altogether because of the stress __9__(involve) in fighting the crowds.In recent years the Saturday before Christmas __10__(see) the biggest shopping crowds.
答案
【语篇导读】 本文介绍了黑色星期五的由来。
1．frequently [考查副词。句意：它频繁地被称作“黑色星期五”。空处修饰动词短语is referred to，应用副词。]
2．to [考查固定搭配。relate to...“和……有关”，是固定短语。]
3．being [考查动名词作主语。分析句子结构可知，本处应用动名词短语being“in the black”on the Friday after Thanksgiving作主语。]
4．to get [考查非谓语动词。它给顾客一个以惊人的价格获得商品的机会。本处应用动词不定式作the opportunity的定语。]
5．and [考查并列连词。多数的商家都会早早地开门迎客，同时为顾客提供很多吸引人的折扣。本处and连接两个并列的谓语。]
6．an [考查冠词。an early start“一个早的开始”，此处表示泛指，故应用不定冠词；又因early的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。]
7．which [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本处应为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前面的“people face crowded stores”这句话，应用关系代词which。]
8．busiest [考查形容词最高级。它过去常常是一年中最繁忙的购物日。根据前面的the可知，本处应用最高级busiest。]
9．involved [考查非谓语动词。很多人避免在这一天购物，因为会卷入抵抗人群的压力中。involve与stress为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。]
10．has seen [考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In recent years可知，本处应用现在完成时，主语the Saturday before Christmas为单数，故用has seen。]
【4】
Although Socrates (苏格拉底) was poor all his life，he never asked his pupils to pay for their lessons.He taught __1__ the love of wisdom，not for money.And __2__ he had to say was always new and worth hearing.All his pupils loved him.
But his unusual ways of teaching and his demand that students always ask questions made him some __3__(danger) enemies.The rulers did not want to be questioned.So they __4__(false) accused Socrates of teaching young men bad things and __5__(lead) them to ignore religion.In fact Socrates was a very religious man.His enemies had him __6__(arrest)，and he was sentenced to death by poisoning.
During the 30 days before he was put to death，his friends and pupils __7__(allow) to visit him in his prison.They were astonished to find that __8__ was calm and cheerful.He had no fear of dying.When the deadly poison was finally brought to Socrates，his friends were in __9__(tear)，but Socrates seemed to be the __10__(brave) man in the room.He raised the cup and drank it as if it were a glass of banquet wine.
答案
【语篇导读】 文章主要记叙了伟大的哲学家苏格拉底，讲了他免费给学生上课，学生都喜欢他，他与众不同的教学方式也招来了许多敌人，导致他被捕入狱，但是他直到死前的最后一刻都十分淡定从容的故事。
1．for [考查介词。介词for在此处表示“为了”，说明他上课时为了对智慧的热爱不是为了钱，故填for。]
2．what [考查名词性从句。此处what作连词代词引导主语从句，故填what。]
3．dangerous [考查形容词。形容词dangerous用来修饰名词enemies。]
4．falsely [考查副词。此处副词falsely用来修饰动词accused。]
5．leading [考查动名词。accuse sb of doing sth指控某人某事，此处leading和teaching并列作为指控的内容，故填leading。]
6．arrested [考查被动语态。have him arrested“他被逮捕”，过去分词在此处表示被动含义，故填arrested。]
7．were allowed [考查被动语态。此处用被动语态表示“他的朋友和学生被允许去看他”，故填were allowed。]
8．he [考查代词。he在此处代指苏格拉底，表示他们很吃惊地发现他很镇定和高兴，故填he。]
9．tears [考查名词。in tears表示“眼含泪水”，固定搭配。]
10．bravest [考查形容词最高级。the＋形容词最高级，表示“最……”，使用bravest表示“最勇敢的”，说明苏格拉底似乎是房间里最勇敢的人，故填bravest。]
【5】
Talking is the most effective and satisfying way of communication with others.There are many forms of communication，__1__ include: texting，cell phones，e－mail，and social media.__2__(use) these alternative forms to communicate with others may be faster，__3__ it lacks many qualities that a face－to－face conversation __4__(possess)．
Facial expression and body language can __5__(great) affect a conversation.They can be used to give a person some information about what the other person __6__(think) and feeling.Facial expression can __7__(apply) to video chatting，but body language can only be found in a face－to－face conversation.Talking in person can have physical __8__(feature)．Giving someone a hug and holding their hand __9__(comfort) them can only be done in person.When you are talking to someone by texting or instant messaging them，physical touch does not exist at all，which can limit the connection __10__ the people in the communication.
答案
【语篇导读】 本文主要介绍了影响人们交流的两种主要方式，即面部表情和肢体语言。
1．which [考查定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。]
2．Using [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知， use在句中作主语，故用动名词形式。]
3．but [考查连词。前后语义为转折关系，故用but。]
4．possesses [考查主谓一致。此处为that引导的定语从句，a face－to－face conversation作主语为单数故谓语用possesses。]
5．greatly [考查副词。修饰动词affect要用副词。]
6．is thinking [考查动词时态。think 和从句主语the other person 构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且从句缺少谓语，且后有and feeling，故用进行时is thinking。]
7．be applied [考查语态。Facial expression与apply为动宾关系用被动语态。前面有can，系动词用原形。]
8．features [考查名词。前有形容词physical，故用名词feature复数形式。]
9．to comfort [考查非谓语动词。此句中can be 为谓语，空处为非谓语，to do表目的。]
10．between [考查介词。在交流双方之间用between。]
【6】
China will allow all couples to have two children，__1__(give) up its decades－long one－child policy，the Communist Party of China (CPC) __2__(announce) after a key meeting on Thursday.
The change of policy is intended to balance population development and meet the challenge of an aging population，according to a communique (公报) __3__(issue) after the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held from Monday to Thursday.
The proposal must be approved by the top legislature (立法机关) __4__ it comes into force.
China’s family planning policy was first introduced in the late 1970s __5__(control) the rapid __6__(grow) of the population by limiting most urban couples __7__ one child，and as to rural couples，they can have two children on condition that their firstborn child was a girl.The policy was later relaxed.Parents __8__ were both only children in their family could have __9__ second child.
The one－child policy was __10__(far) loosened in November 2013 after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee，and couples are allowed to have two children if one of them is an only child.
答案
【语篇导读】 本文讲述了中国的二孩政策。
1．giving [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，give与句子主语China之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填giving。]
2．announced [考查时态。根据时间状语on Thursday可知，本处应用一般过去时。]
3．issued [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，issue与communique之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词issued作定语。]
4．before [考查连词。提议在生效之前必须得到最高立法机关的批准。before“在……之前”。]
5．to control [考查非谓语动词。中国于20世纪70年代晚期开始实施计划生育政策以控制急剧增长的人口。本处应用动词不定式作目的状语。]
6．growth [考查名词。此处表示控制急剧增长的人口，应用名词作宾语，故填growth。]
7．to [考查介词。limit...to...“限定……到……”是固定搭配。]
8．who/that [考查定语从句。夫妇双方均为独生子女的，还可以再生一个孩子。本处先行词为Parents，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用who/that。]
9．a [考查冠词。序数词前用不定冠词，意为“再，又”。]
10．further [考查副词的比较级。根据句意“一孩政策进一步放松”可知，本处应用比较级；由于本处不是表距离，而是表事物的程度，故用further。]
【7】
For many young people，going to university is one of the most important __1__(stage)of their lives.It is the time when young people will move out of __2__(they)home to live with other people，often strangers.__3__(especial)in the US，people often travel very far __4__ home to study.It is a time to be __5__(independence)．
At university，you will __6__(teach)by lectures and professors who are leading figures in their study.The opportunity to learn from and to discuss with them is __7__ drives some people to apply to university.Students are required to choose a major that they wish to study.Apart from the __8__(academy)benefit，life at university also can allow students __9__(develop)their interests in many fields.
Therefore，university is a place __10__ you attain knowledge，to develop your values and to accept those who may be different.
答案
1．stages [考查名词。在英语中one of后要加可数名词的复数，故用stages。]
2. their [考查代词。由于空格后是名词home，故根据句意其前面要用一个形容词性物主代词，故用their。]
3．Especially [考查副词。分析句子结构和句中的成分，可知此处要用一个副词来修饰整个句子的内容，故填Especially。 ]
4．from [考查介词。在英语中，far from是固定搭配，意思是：远离……。]
5．independent [考查形容词。根据句意，可知此处要用一个形容词作表语表示状态，故填independent。]
6．be taught [考查动词语态。根据句意，由于主语是you，与teach之间是被动关系，而在空格前是助动词will，故用be taught。]
7．what [考查名词性从句。分析句子结构，可知这是一个表语从句，从句中缺少主语，根据句意可知要填what。 ]
8．academic [考查形容词。由于空格后的benefit是一个名词，故其前面要用一个形容词修饰它，故填academic。]
9．to develop [考查动词不定式。在英语中，allow sb to do sth是固定搭配，意思是“允许某人做某事”。]
10．where [考查定语从句。分析句子结构，可知这是一个定语从句，从句中的主干成分没有残缺，由于先行词是表地点的place，要填关系副词where。]
【8】
Everyone needs to know how to prevent a fire.It is also important to know what to do when it __1__(break)out.
Every year，over 11，000 people __2__(kill)or injured in house fires.These fires could
have been avoided.Smokers who are __3__(care)cause about 200 deaths and over 6，000 fires.More than of those __4__ die in fires are poisoned or harmed by smoke.
If fire happens，do not attempt to fight the fire unless it is small.Try putting out a small fire with water.If __5__ fire has spread or if the flames are more than 20 inches high，shut the door on it.Warn everyone else in the building and tell them to get out.You should leave and dial 911 for the fire department.
Before __6__(go)into a room，check the door.If the handle or the door is hot，do not open it! Instead，put clothing or a wet towel at the bottom of it to keep smoke out.If the door is not hot，open it __7__(slow)．If there is a rush of smoke heat，close it again and shout to warn __8__(other)inside.
Now open the window and shout “Fire！”．See whether you can drop safely to the ground.Use this __9__ your escape course if you can.If you are not on ground level，break your fall by pushing a mat out first.Lower yourself at arm’s __10__(long) before dropping.Once outside，stay out outside and make sure the fire department is called.
答案
【语篇导读】 本文主要讲了发生火灾时应注意的事项以及如何在火灾中逃生。
1．breaks [考查时态。有主句时态可知此处应用一般现在时，在it后面，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。break out为不及物动词短语，不用被动语态。]
2．are killed [考查被动语态。根据句意，每年有11 000个人在着火的房子中伤亡，所以填kill的被动形式，因为是陈述事实，所以be动词用现在时。]
3．careless [考查形容词。根据句意，吸烟者引发死伤和火灾，所以是粗心大意的吸烟者。]
4．who [考查定语从句。由句子结构可知此处应填定语从句的引导词，先行词是人并在定语从句中作主语，所以用who。]
5．the [考查冠词。前文中提到了fire，所以在此处提到上文提到过的事物时，要用定冠词the，表示特指。]
6．going [考查动名词。此处的before是介词，介词后面的名词要用动名词形式。]
7．slowly [考查副词。open此处为动词，所以用副词形式slowly。]
8．others [考查代词。others：“其他人”，此处做warn的宾语，other为形容词，后必有名词。]
9．as [考查语境和介词。考查语境和介词。根据句意，在逃跑的过程中使用这个技能，此处as作为介词，有“作为”的意思。]
10．length [考查名词。空前的arm’s是物主代词，后面应该接名词，long的名词形式是length(长度)。]
【9】
Many teachers believe that hands－on experience is the __1__(good) way to learn. A group of students in the United States are putting that belief to the test. They __2__ (success) designed and built a robot for discovering unexplored mines __3__ the bottom of the sea. Students made the robot __4__(answer) a challenge from the U．S. Department of Defense.
The students recently tested the underwater vehicle __5__(call) PerseusⅡ in a 95－meter－long tank of water at the Stevens Institute of Technology.
The robot costs about $15，000 to build. The students use a video game control to direct __6__(it) movements in the tank. What’s more，devices known as Japters __7__ (able) the robot to go up，down and toward its target in the water. Video cameras on the robot send images back to a computer through a 13－meter－long cable. Perseus Ⅱ also has __8__ set of lasers (激光)，which are used to measure the size of an object.
The robot is the creation of five undergraduate students. For over six months，they worked up __9__ 20 hours a week to design and build Perseus Ⅱ.
DeLorme supervised the project from __10__(begin) to end. He says the specialized requirements of robots were demanding
答案
【语篇导读】 本文通过事实证明：亲身的实践经验是学习的最好方法。
1．best [考查形容词最高级。此处表示“亲身的实践经验是学习的最好方法”，故用best。]
2．successfully [考查副词。副词修饰动词designed和built作状语，故用successfully。]
3．at [考查介词。at the bottom of表示“在……的底部”，故用at。]
4．to answer [考查动词不定式。在这里to answer是动词不定式作目的状语，表示“制造这个机器人是为了回应美国国防部的一项挑战”。]
5．called [考查过去分词。此处应用过去分词作后置定语，表示“被叫作”，故用called。]
6．its [考查代词。由后面的movements可知，应用形容词性物主代词作定语。]
7．enable [考查动词和时态。分析句子结构可知，主语是devices，谓语是设空处，故应用动词enable，表示“使发生”。且此处是一般性的描述，故应用一般现在时。]
8．a [考查冠词。a set of表示“一系列”，故用a。]
9．to [考查固定短语。up to表示“达到”，故用to。]
10．beginning [考查固定短语。from beginning to end表示“从头到尾”。]
【10】
Sweet wormwood (青蒿) is a common plant in China，__1__ it has the power to cure the deadly disease called malaria (疟疾)．Tu Youyou __2__(be) the woman who uses the plant’s special power to save millions of lives.The Chinese scientist won a Nobel Prize because of her great contribution.
On October 5，Tu was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.She shared the prize with two other scientists from the US and Japan.Tu is the first native Chinese person __3__(receive) a Nobel Prize in natural sciences.
Tu was modest about receiving the award：“It’s a success for the whole research team.”She also thinks __4__ is scientists’ duty to fight for the health of all humans.
When Tu joined the national research team to find the medicine __5__ could fight against malaria in the 1960s and 1970s，things were hard.The team didn’t have advanced equipment back then.Tu used to test __6__(medicine) by eating them herself.Her team searched old Chinese medicine books __7__ hand and tested over 2，000 traditional recipes.
Once Tu __8__(return) home after traveling for six months.Her little daughter didn’t recognize her and hid from the“strange woman”．To do research，Tu also had to move around a lot.
Finally，Tu found artemisinin (青蒿素) in sweet wormwood in 1971.She spent the next decades __9__(try)to improve the medicine.According to World Health Organization，about 200 million people suffer __10__ malaria around the world，and about half a million die each year.Artemisinin is still the most effective treatment against malaria known today.
Tu never complains about how hard she works.“I feel more rewarded when I see so many cured patients，” she said.
答案
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文。屠呦呦是中国第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，她带领她的团队发现了青蒿素，从而挽救了数百万人的生命。
1．but [考查连词。空前语境为：青蒿在中国是一种常见的植物；空后语境为：它有治愈致命疾病——疟疾的能力。根据空处前后语境可以判断，两句为转折关系，故用转折连词but。]
2．is [考查时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的“who uses the plant’s special power”可知，该句应用一般现在时。又因主语为Tu Youyou，故用is。]
3．to receive [考查动词不定式。根据该句中的“the first native Chinese person”可以判断，该句应用动词不定式作person的后置定语。]
4．it [考查it的用法。分析该句结构可知，动词不定式短语to fight for the health of all humans作真正的主语，it作形式主语。]
5．that/which [考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为medicine，空处在从句中作主语，故用which或that引导该定语从句。]
6．medicines [考查名词的数。根据该句中的them可以判断，空处应用复数形式。]
7．by/on/at/in [考查介词。by hand意为“用手”；on hand，at hand，in hand意为“在手头”。根据语境可知这四个介词都对。]
8．returned [考查时态。根据下句的“Her little daughter didn’t recognize her”可知，这里陈述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。]
9．trying [考查非谓语动词。spend time doing sth 为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，故用trying。]
10．from [考查动词短语。suffer from为固定搭配，意为“(因疾病、痛苦等)受折磨”。]
